Internal Eye Quiz

Question 1

Reflex that occurs from shinning the small, bright, round light into the eye

Answer 1

Red Retinal Reflex

Question 2

What does it mean if the Red Retinal Reflex shows dark shadows?

Answer 2

Central opacities are present

Question 3

Examples of central opacities

Answer 3

• Scars of the cornea
• Cataracts in the lens
• Blood or pus in the aqueous or vitreous fluids

Question 4

An abnormal progressive loss of lens transparency due to degenerative changes usually occurring after age 50.

Answer 4

Cataracts

Question 5

How would a person with cataracts describe their vision?

Answer 5

Vision becomes progressively blurry as if they’re looking through frosted glass

Question 6

Name for the appearance of the optic nerve at the back of the eye

Answer 6

Optic disc

Question 7

Normal observations of the optic disc

Answer 7

• Disc shaped with distinct borders

- Yellow-orange color

Question 8

Areas of dark pigmentation on the optic disc along the border

Answer 8

Chorodial crescent

Question 9

The retinal arteries and veins emerge from within the nerve via this small indentation in the nerve head

Answer 9

Physiologic cup

Question 10

T/F The physiologic cup should appear yellow to red colored

Answer 10

FALSE.

The cup lacks a capillary bed and therefore appears as a small light yellow area

Question 11

The physiologic cup is usually _____ the entire optic disc area

Question 12

The larger and darker red vessels on the retina are _______ while the smaller and lighter red vessels on the retina are ______

Answer 12

Large, dark red = Veins

Small, bright red =Arteries

Question 13

T/F The retina should only have a uniform color and texture on the ventral most aspect of the choroid

Answer 13

FALSE.

The color and texture of the retina should be the same throughout

Question 14

Small area of more pigmentation than the rest of the retina. May be seen by angling toward the ear from the disc of by having the patient look into the upper or lower border of tour dimmed light

Answer 14

Macula

Question 15

Pin hole dot of light in the macula

Answer 15

Fovea

Question 16

Most difficult part of the eye to exam

Answer 16

Fovea macula

most sensitive part of the retina; difficult for the patient to hold still

Question 17

T/F The more light reflection coming off the cornea, the easier it is to see the fovea macula

Answer 17

FALSE.
The light reflection from the cornea makes it even more difficult to see the fovea macula (in addition to it being the most sensitive part of the eye)

Question 18

Fundoscopic exam reveals papilledema in your patients eye. What condition must be ruled out as a cause first?

Answer 18

Intracranial Pressure

Question 19

What is the most consistent finding associated with papilledema

Answer 19

Space Occupying Lesion

Question 20

T/F Signs of a space occupying lesion are always headache, blindness, polyuria, and polydypsia

Answer 20

FALSE.

Neurological signs and symptoms are varied depending on the location of the neurologic pressure (from increased ICP)

Question 21

Fundoscopic signs of Papilledema

Answer 21

• Swollen, distorted optic disc with blurry borders.
• Vessels are pushed forward and veins are dilated.
• May be surrounding edema or hemorrhage

Question 22

Slow, progressive increase of intraocular pressure

Answer 22

Chronic Glaucoma

Question 23

Most common visual deficiency associated with chronic glaucoma

Answer 23

Worsening tunnel vision

Question 24

Fundoscopic signs of chronic glaucoma

Answer 24

• Increased “physiologic cup” size

- Atrophy of nerve fibers (whitening) in the enlarging cup

Question 25

Most common symptoms of diabetes

Answer 25

Polyuria (frequent urination)

Polydypsia (frequent thirst)

Question 26

mild, moderate, and severe signs of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy on a fundoscope exam

Answer 26

• Mild = Microaneurysm (small red dots)
• Moderate = Hard exudates (well defined small, yellow, fatty deposits
• Severe = Soft exudates/Cotton wool patches (areas of ischemia)

Question 27

Sign of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 27

Neovascularization (Angiogenesis)

Question 28

T/F Fundoscopic exam is the best way to evaluate for hypertension.

Answer 28

FALSE.

Fundoscopic exam can be used, but the sphygmomanometer and stethoscope and easier and preferred

Question 29

Mild, moderate, and severe signs of hypertension on a fundoscope exam

Answer 29

• Mild = Sclerosis (A-V taping, nicking and copper wires vessels)
• Moderate = Hemorrhages (dot, flame shaped), soft cotton-wool patches (ill-defined gray spots on the retina), and hard exudates
• Severe = Papilledema and silver wiring (malignant hypertension

Question 30

People with greatest risk of age related retinal detachment

Answer 30

Near sighted people over 50

Question 31

Symptoms of retinal detachment secondary to trauma or inflammation

Answer 31

• Sudden appearence of multiple new vitreous floaters
• Flashing lights
• Visual loss laterally to centrally (diminished peripheral vision)
• Does not spontaneous resolve

Question 32

Fundoscopic signs of a detached retina

Answer 32

Hazy or wavy due to underlying edema and the uneven surface of the retina

Question 33

Eye Red Flags

Answer 33

• Sudden, marked eye pain
• Visible flashes followed by partial, peripheral vision loss
• Developing tunnel vision or central blind spot

Question 34

Genetic condition causing night blindness followed by progressive tunnel vision

Answer 34

Retinitis pigmentosa

Question 35

Fundoscopic exam sign for someone with retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 35

Bone spicule retinopathy

Question 36

Occurs in older people over 50. Causes slowly progressing central vision loss in one or both eyes. Images may be distorted

Answer 36

Macular degeneration

Question 37

Fundoscopic exam of someone with macular degeneration

Answer 37

Altered color and configuration of the macula/fovea

Question 38

Laboratory gold standard test for diabetes

Answer 38

Glucose tolerance test