Nose and Palate

Question 1

What bones contribute to the external nose?

Answer 1

nasal bone

frontal processes of maxillae

nasal part of frontal bone

Question 2

What type of cartilage is associated with the soft part of the nose?

Answer 2

hyaline

Question 3

What is the naris?

Choana?

Vestibule?

Chonae?

Answer 3

naris = nostril, nares = nostrils

choana = the posterior end of the nostril

vestibule = the first part (the part you can see)

chonchae = the turbinate bones forming the medial walls

Question 4

Where is the nasal olfactory mucosa located?

Answer 4

the nasal olfactory mucosa is restricted to the roof of the nasal cavity (everywhere else is nasal respiratory mucosa)

Question 5

What forms the anterior part of the nasal septum?

Answer 5

the anterior part is composed of the septal cartilage, which articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone behind and above and the vomer behind and below

Question 6

What are the nasal meatuses?

Answer 6

they are the passagways lateral and inferior to the conchae - named after the conchae they’re under

Question 7

The superior and middle conchae are part of what bone?

Answer 7

ethmoid

Question 8

What duct opens into the inferior meatus?

Answer 8

nasolacrimal duct (why your nose runs when you cry)

Question 9

With what meatus is the semilunar hiatus associated?

Answer 9

the middle meatus

Question 10

What sinuses open into the middle meatus?

Answer 10

maxillary

frontal

anterior ethmoidal

Question 11

What sinus opens into the superior meatus?

Answer 11

posterior ethmoid air sinus

Question 12

Where does the sphenoid sinus open?

Answer 12

It opens through the superior concha into an area called the sphenoethmoidal recess.

Question 13

Where do the olfactory nerves terminate?

Answer 13

they travel up through the cribiform plate to terminate in the olfactory bulb

Question 14

What parts of hte trigeminal nerve supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 14

V2 (lateral posterior, medial posterior, nasopalatine)

V1 (anterior ethmoidal off nasociliary branch)

Question 15

What is the course of the nasopalatine nerve?

Answer 15

It’s one of the medial posterior nerves

supplies nasal septum, passes thoruh incisive canal to terminate behind upper incisor teeth, supplying innervation to the mucosa of the hard palate at that site.

Question 16

How do the greater palatine nerves contribute innervation to the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

It derives the posterior inferior lateral nasal nerves which supply the posterior nasal cavity via the small foramina

Question 17

What area does the anterior ethmoidal nerve innervate?

Answer 17

anterior nasal cavity

Question 18

What blood vessels contribute to the nasal cavity? Which is the most major?

Answer 18

Sphenopalatine arteries (branch of the maxillary), which gives rise to the posterior lateral nasal arteries

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (off the ophthalmic artery)

Question 19

What are the four major sinuses?

Answer 19

frontal

ethmoid

maxillary

sphenoid

Question 20

How are the four major sinuses formed?

Answer 20

they are evaginations form nasal cavity that grow into the adjacent skull bones, replacing the diploic layer

Question 21

Why may sinusitis cause toothache?

Answer 21

the maxillary molar teeth are very close to the floor of the maxillary sinus

because the superior albeolar nerves supply both the maxillary teeth and the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses, inflammation of the sinus mucosa is requencly accompanied by a sesnation of toothache in the molar teeth

Question 22

What is the significance of CSF rhinorrhea?

Question 23

What is rhinitis?

Answer 23

swelling and inflammation of the nasal mucosa during upper respiratory infections and allergic reactions

Question 24

Where may inflammations of the nasal cavity spread?

Answer 24

anterior cranial foss through cribiform plate

nasopharynx and retropharyngeal soft tissues

middle ear thorugh the auditory tube

paranasal sinuses

lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva

Question 25

How many infections of the ethmoid sinuses lead to blindness?

Answer 25

If nasal drainage is blocked, infections of the ethmoidal cells can break through the medial wall of the orbit, causing blindness since some of the posterior ethmoidal cells lie close to the optic canal

Question 26

Why are infections of the uppe rlip and face potentially dangerous?

Answer 26

The ophthalmic veins that drain that area are valveless and can bring infection back to the cavernous sinus and into the brain

Question 27

What bones form the hard palate?

Answer 27

maxilla (palatine process) palatine bone (horizontal lamina)

Question 28

What nerves innervate the muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 28

all by the vagus nerve except for the tensor veli palatini which is innervated by the trigeminal

Question 29

What muscles are involved in forming the soft palate?

Answer 29

tensor veli palatini levator veli palatini musculus uvulae palatoglossus palatopharyngeus

Question 30

How do the greater and lesser palatine nerves and the nasopalatine nerve reach their destination?

Answer 30

they are branches of the maxillary nerve that pass thorugh the pterygopalatine ganglion, carrying general sensory (V2), special sensory of taste CN7, and autonomic fibers

Question 31

What area is innervated by the greater palatine nerve?

Answer 31

supplies bulk of the hard palate

Question 32

What area is innervated by the lesser palatine nerve?

Answer 32

soft palate and tonsillar region

Question 33

What area is innervated by the nasopalatine nerve?

Answer 33

nasal distribution and then thorugh the incisive foramen to supply the anterior palate

Question 34

What is the source of the palatine arteries?

Answer 34

maxillary artery gives off greater and lesser palatine arteries - they run with the nerves of the same name