Nose and Palate Flashcards
What bones contribute to the external nose?
nasal bone
frontal processes of maxillae
nasal part of frontal bone
What type of cartilage is associated with the soft part of the nose?
hyaline
What is the naris?
Choana?
Vestibule?
Chonae?
naris = nostril, nares = nostrils
choana = the posterior end of the nostril
vestibule = the first part (the part you can see)
chonchae = the turbinate bones forming the medial walls
Where is the nasal olfactory mucosa located?
the nasal olfactory mucosa is restricted to the roof of the nasal cavity (everywhere else is nasal respiratory mucosa)
What forms the anterior part of the nasal septum?
the anterior part is composed of the septal cartilage, which articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone behind and above and the vomer behind and below
What are the nasal meatuses?
they are the passagways lateral and inferior to the conchae - named after the conchae they’re under
The superior and middle conchae are part of what bone?
ethmoid
What duct opens into the inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct (why your nose runs when you cry)
With what meatus is the semilunar hiatus associated?
the middle meatus
What sinuses open into the middle meatus?
maxillary
frontal
anterior ethmoidal
What sinus opens into the superior meatus?
posterior ethmoid air sinus
Where does the sphenoid sinus open?
It opens through the superior concha into an area called the sphenoethmoidal recess.
Where do the olfactory nerves terminate?
they travel up through the cribiform plate to terminate in the olfactory bulb
What parts of hte trigeminal nerve supply the nasal cavity?
V2 (lateral posterior, medial posterior, nasopalatine)
V1 (anterior ethmoidal off nasociliary branch)
What is the course of the nasopalatine nerve?
It’s one of the medial posterior nerves
supplies nasal septum, passes thoruh incisive canal to terminate behind upper incisor teeth, supplying innervation to the mucosa of the hard palate at that site.
How do the greater palatine nerves contribute innervation to the nasal cavity?
It derives the posterior inferior lateral nasal nerves which supply the posterior nasal cavity via the small foramina
What area does the anterior ethmoidal nerve innervate?
anterior nasal cavity
What blood vessels contribute to the nasal cavity? Which is the most major?
Sphenopalatine arteries (branch of the maxillary), which gives rise to the posterior lateral nasal arteries
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (off the ophthalmic artery)
What are the four major sinuses?
frontal
ethmoid
maxillary
sphenoid
How are the four major sinuses formed?
they are evaginations form nasal cavity that grow into the adjacent skull bones, replacing the diploic layer
Why may sinusitis cause toothache?
the maxillary molar teeth are very close to the floor of the maxillary sinus
because the superior albeolar nerves supply both the maxillary teeth and the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses, inflammation of the sinus mucosa is requencly accompanied by a sesnation of toothache in the molar teeth
What is the significance of CSF rhinorrhea?
What is rhinitis?
swelling and inflammation of the nasal mucosa during upper respiratory infections and allergic reactions
Where may inflammations of the nasal cavity spread?
anterior cranial foss through cribiform plate
nasopharynx and retropharyngeal soft tissues
middle ear thorugh the auditory tube
paranasal sinuses
lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva
How many infections of the ethmoid sinuses lead to blindness?
If nasal drainage is blocked, infections of the ethmoidal cells can break through the medial wall of the orbit, causing blindness since some of the posterior ethmoidal cells lie close to the optic canal
Why are infections of the uppe rlip and face potentially dangerous?
The ophthalmic veins that drain that area are valveless and can bring infection back to the cavernous sinus and into the brain
What bones form the hard palate?
maxilla (palatine process)
palatine bone (horizontal lamina)
What nerves innervate the muscles of the soft palate?
all by the vagus nerve except for the tensor veli palatini which is innervated by the trigeminal
What muscles are involved in forming the soft palate?
tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
musculus uvulae
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
How do the greater and lesser palatine nerves and the nasopalatine nerve reach their destination?
they are branches of the maxillary nerve that pass thorugh the pterygopalatine ganglion, carrying general sensory (V2), special sensory of taste CN7, and autonomic fibers
What area is innervated by the greater palatine nerve?
supplies bulk of the hard palate
What area is innervated by the lesser palatine nerve?
soft palate and tonsillar region
What area is innervated by the nasopalatine nerve?
nasal distribution and then thorugh the incisive foramen to supply the anterior palate
What is the source of the palatine arteries?
maxillary artery gives off greater and lesser palatine arteries - they run with the nerves of the same name
