Norton Part 6

Question 1

atopic dermatitis (eczema) is characterized by what

Answer 1

chronic, waxing and waning, extremely pruritic, condition beginning in first year of life

Question 2

what should one look for in family history when suspecting atopic dermatitis

Answer 2

allergies, asthma, eczema

Question 3

when is eczema the worst and why

Answer 3

winter- due to decreased humidity

Question 4

what lesions are seen in atopic dermatitis

Answer 4

papules, vesicles, oozing and crustin

Question 5

where do babies get atopic dermatitis

Answer 5

face, diaper area, extensor surfaces of extremities

Question 6

where do children and adults get atopic dermatitis

Answer 6

neck, face, axillae, antecubital and popliteal fossas

Question 7

itching, scratching, itching is commonly seen in what

Answer 7

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Question 8

what is lichenification

Answer 8

epidermal thickening, characterized by visible and palpable skin thinking with accentuated skin lines

Question 9

contact dermatitis can lead to what

Answer 9

lichenification

Question 10

nummular dermatitis is characterized by what

Answer 10

“coin shaped” itch red plaques with vesicles and distant borders

Question 11

nummular dermatitis is commonly seen in what patients

Answer 11

children

Question 12

what is “winter itch”

Answer 12

asteatotic dermatitis

Question 13

asteatotic dermatitis is common when and in what patients

Answer 13

elderly during the winter

Question 14

what is seen in asteatotic dermatitis

Answer 14

dry, cracked skin that becomes itchy

Question 15

what are the histological features of acute eczematous dermatitis (spongiotic dermatitis)

Answer 15

spongiosis (intracellualr edema)

exocytosis of lymphocytes

Question 16

what are the acute eczematous dermatitis (spongiotic dermatitis)

Answer 16

contact dermatitis (irritant and allergic)
atopic dermatitis (eczema)
nummular dermatitis
asteatotic dermatitis

Question 17

what is spongiosis

Answer 17

intracellular edema

Question 18

erythema multiforme is what type of reaction

Answer 18

immune-mediated, hypersensitivity reaction resulting in epidermal injury

Question 19

how does epidermal injury occur in erythema multiforme

Answer 19

epidermal cells are attacked by CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells

Question 20

what are some triggers of erythema multiforme

Answer 20

idiopathic, medications, HSV infection, mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 21

what medications act as triggers for erythema multiforme

Answer 21

sulfa, penicillin, phenytoin, allopurinol, barbituates

Question 22

what histological features are seen early in erythema multiforme

Answer 22

superficial perivascular
lymphocytic infiltrate
dermal edema
accumulation of lymphocytes along dermoepidermal junction associated with degenerating and necrotic keratinocytes

Question 23

what histological features are seen late in erythema multiforme

Answer 23

lymphocytes migrate into epidermis, epidermal necrosis occurs with blister formation

Question 24

a target looking lesion is characteristic of what

Answer 24

erythema multiforme

Question 25

what does erythema multiforme appear as

Answer 25

erythematous macule and papule, vesicles and bullae (multiform) on extremities that are extremely symmetric

Question 26

what is stevens-johnson syndrome

Answer 26

more severe form of erythema multiforme

Question 27

steven's johnson syndrome is common in what patients

Answer 27

children

Question 28

steven's-johnson syndrome involves what sites commonly

Answer 28

mucous membranes (mouth and conductive)

Question 29

what systemic manifestations are founding Steven's-johnson syndrome

Answer 29

fever, difficulty eating, renal failure, and sepsis

Question 30

what usually causes steven-johnson syndrome

Answer 30

sulfa drugs and anticonvulsants

Question 31

what is toxic epidermal necrolysis (TENs)

Answer 31

more severe than steven johnsons syndrome | dermatologic emergency

Question 32

how are steven's-johnson syndrome and TENs treated

Answer 32

stop medication and take to burn unit and treat like burn

Question 33

what histological features are seen in TENs

Answer 33

necrotic epidermis is lifting off the dermis to form a subepidermal bulla

Question 34

pityriasis rosea is what

Answer 34

subacute spongiotic dermatitis

Question 35

pityriasis rosea is associated with what virus

Answer 35

human herpes virus type 7 (HHV7)

Question 36

pityriasis rosea affects what patients and when

Answer 36

children and young adults | during winter

Question 37

what is a "herald patch" and when is it seen

Answer 37

resembles ringworm and is seen initially in pityriasis rosea

Question 38

"christmas tree" pattern is used to describe what

Answer 38

pityriasis rosea

Question 39

what does pityriasis rose look like

Answer 39

starts with "herald patch" progresses to generalized oval, slightly elevated, scaling pauses that resemble the herald patch but are smaller lesions are pink with scaling near the border

Question 40

where is pityriasis rosea commonly found at what sites

Answer 40

trunk, upper arms, thigh

Question 41

what histological features are seen in pityriasis rosea

Answer 41

spingiosis with erythrocyte extravasation

Question 42

what does venous incompetence cause

Answer 42

increased hydrostatic pressure and capillary damage leading to extravasation of RBCs and serum

Question 43

venous insufficiency is a disease seen in what patients

Answer 43

middle age and older adults

Question 44

venous insufficiency starts as what and progresses to what

Answer 44

edema and hyperpigmentation | leads to pruritic erythema and stasis dermatitis

Question 45

what occurs in venous insufficiency

Answer 45

incompetent vneous vales in lower legs leads to dependent edema leads to stasis dermatitis leads to ulceration above medial malleolus

Question 46

stasis dermatitis is what?

Answer 46

subacute spongiotic dermatitis

Question 47

what is seen in stasis dermatitis

Answer 47

chronic intracellular epidermal edema

Question 48

what gives the skin a thickened, rough, brown appearance in stasis dermatitis

Answer 48

erythrocyte extraversion cases hemosiderin to collect