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TL- Italy > Northern Italy > Flashcards

Northern Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Piedmont translates to what

A

“The foot of the mountain”

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2
Q

What two mountain ranges cradles piedmont on three sides?

A

Apennines and the Alps

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3
Q

Name the two moderating rivers of Piedmont

A

Po and Tanaro

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4
Q

Why is the Po river bad for viticulture?

A

Land is too fertile

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5
Q

Most wine growing happens ____________ of the Po river?

A

South

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6
Q

What are the three major provinces of Piedmont

A

Asti, Alessandria and Cuneo

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7
Q

What are the two major soil types of piedmont?

A

Calcareous Marl and sandstone

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8
Q

Describe the climate of Piedmont

A

Continental climate

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9
Q

What do the Alps do?

A

Create a rain shadow effect

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10
Q

Name one major Autumnal viticultural hazard

A

Hail

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11
Q

What are the two major sets of hills in piedmont

A

Langhe and Monferrato Hills

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12
Q

Define Sorí

A

“Prized Southern Exposure”

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13
Q

Define Dolcetto

A

Little sweet one

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14
Q

What ripens first, mid, last
Nebbiolo
Dolcetto
Barbera

A

Dolcetto-1st (lowest Acid)
Barbera-2ns
Nebbiolo-3rd

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15
Q

What is piedmonts most planted red grape

A

Barbera

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16
Q

What is Moscato Bianco known as

A

Muscat blanc a petits grains

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17
Q

What is Piedmont most planted white grape

A

Moscato Bianco (Muscat a petits grains)

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18
Q

Name 4 white grapes grown in piedmont

A

Moscato Bianco, Cortese, Arnies, Erbaluce, Favorita (Vermentino)

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19
Q

Piedmont synonym for Vermentino

A

Favorita

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20
Q

Barolo and Barbaresco are located along the ___________ River in the ______________ Province

A

Tanaro River in the Cuneo Province

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21
Q

Barolo and Barbaresco DOCG are located within what larger DOC

A

Langhe DOC

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22
Q

What are the 5 MAJOR communes of Barolo

A 
La Morra
Barolo
Castiglione Falleto
Monforte d'Alba
Serralunga d'Alba
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23
Q

La Morra and Barolo are on what soil type?

A

Tortonian Soil (higher proportion of marl)

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24
Q

What communes of Barolo might you find Tortonian Soil

A

La Morra and Barolo

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25
What communes in Barolo might you find Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils
Monforte and Serralunga d'Alba
26
What is the major soil type of Monforte and Serralunga d'Alba
Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils
27
Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils provide what to the wines
More structure
28
Min aging for Barolo?
38 months following Nov 1st of harvest year (min 18 of those mnths in oak)
29
Min aging for Barolo Riserva
62mnths prior to release
30
Name three traditionalist producers
Giacomo Conterno Bartolo Mascarello Guiseppe Rinaldi
31
Define modernist winemaking in Barolo
barriques, shorter macerations and rounder style of wines
32
Name three modernist producers
Paolo Scavino Elio Altare Luciano Sandrone
33
Burnate and Cerequio are split between what two communes of Barolo
Mostly in La Morra, but also in Barolo
34
What commune will you find Pira?
Castiglione Falleto
35
What commune is Bussia found in? Is it large or small?
Monforte d'Alba and its mother fuckking massive
36
What commune would you find Francia?
Serralunga d'Alba
37
What are the three townships you find Barbaresco production found in, what is the exception?
Barbaresco, Nieve, Treiso and a small part of Alba (san Rocco sendelvio)
38
Min aging for barbaresco
26 months (at least 9 of those months must be in cask)
39
Min aging for barbaresco Riserva
50 months (at least 9 of those months must be in cask)
40
Who is the most important modernist in Barbaresco
Angelo Gaja (often he declassifies down to langhe DOC)
41
Who is the most important traditionalist in Barbaresco
Bruno Giacosa
42
Name one important co-op in Barbaresco
Producttori
43
Define Commerciant
Italian Negociant
44
Where is the Cannubi cru located?
Barolo
45
What year was the DOC/DOCG introduced
1963
46
What was the first DOCG to be introduced and in what year
Brunello di Montalcino -1980
47
VdT wines can have what geographical indication on them?
Just "Italy"
48
What should be associated with the 1992 "Gloria's Law"
The establishment of the IGT
49
IGT are considered what by EU standards
PGI
50
DOC/DOCG are considered what by EU standards
PDO
51
How long must a region be a DOC before applying for DOCG
five years`
52
Nizza is what
A DOCG for 100% barbera
53
Scale of Italian Wine Classifications
Vino IGT/IGP DOC/DOP DOCG/ DOP
54
What mountain range runs through the spine of and moderates italy
The apennine Mountains
55
5 Major Communes of Barolo
``` La Mora Barolo Monforte d'Alba Serralunga d'Alba Castiglione Falletto ```
56
What river cuts through the heart of Barolo
The Tanaro
57
The Po River cuts through the majority of Piedmont- why is this a pproblem
Vine get over fertile, most growing therefore takes place South of the river
58
What is the climate in Piedmonte
Continental
59
What are moderating factors of Piedmont
The Tanaro, The Po, The mountains/alps create a rain shadow effect
60
what is one major climactic concern in the langhe
Hail
61
Define Sori
Prized Southern exposures in the langhe and monferatto hills
62
Describe the difference between these three: Nebbiolo Barbera Dolcetto
Nebbiolo- LAte ripening Barbera-mid ripening, piedmonts most planted grape Dolcetto-early ripening "little sweet one"
63
Name 4 other grapes aside from the big 3, that grow in piedmonte
``` Freisa Ruche Vespolina Brachetto Grignolino ```
64
What is Piedmonts most planted white grape
Moscato Biano (Muscat blanc a petite grain)
65
Name 4 grapes aside from Muscat that are grown in piedmonte
Arneis Favorita -(Vermentino) Cortese Erbaluce
66
What river are Barolo and Barbaresco located along? what province are they located in?
The Tanaro River in the Cuneo Province
67
How many total communes may Barolo be produced in?
11
68
Tortonian Soil is most common in what two Barolo crus- describe
La Morra Barolo -has more cancerous marl, provides more softness
69
Seravallian (Helvetian) Sandstone is most common in what two Barolo crus?
Monforte d'Alba Serralunga d'Alba More structured wines are not his soils
70
Barolo Min aging
Must be aged for 38 months from Nov. 1st OF THE Harvest year w/ 18 months in oak
71
3 traditionalist Barolo producers
Giacomo Conterno Guiseppe Rinaldi Bartolo Mascarello
72
3 Modernist Barolo Producers
Elio Altare Luciano Sandrone Paolo Scavino
73
Modernist Barolo sees what?
Larger Format Oak (Barrique) Shorter Maceration and rounder style wines
74
3 Townships allowed to make Barbareesco DOCG
Barbaresco Treiso Neive Also, a small portion of Alba
75
Barbaresco DOCG min aging requirements
Barbaresco- Min 2 years with 9. months in cask Barbaresco Riserva- Min 4 years
76
Who sky rocketed Barbaresco into fame
Angelo Gaja
77
Name one traditionalist in barbaresco
Bruno Giacosa
78
Describe Barolo Chinato
A DOCG aromatized sweet wine that is flavored with Quinine
79
Name one 2 producers of chinato DOCG
Cappelano | Roagna
80
Roero DOCG wine production/ location
NW bank of the Tanaro, North of Barolo & Barbaresco Red- Min 95% Nebbiolo White- Min 95% Arneis Sparkling- Min 95% Arnes Sandy soils provide lighter wines
81
Gattinara DOCG
Est 1990 | Min 90% Spanna (nebbiolo) + 10% Bonarda and Vespolina (Vespolina may not exceed 4%)
82
Gattinara min aging
Gattinara- Min 35 months w. 2 years in oak from Nov 1st of Harvest year Riserva-47 mtnths w. 36 in wood from Nov 1st
83
Ghemme DOCG
Ghemme: minimum 34 months, including a minimum 18 months in wood and 6 months in bottle from November 1 of the harvest year Riserva min 46 monnths, 24 in wood and 6 months I bottle from Nov 1st
84
Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs both straddle what river?
The Sesia
85
Both Gattinara and Ghemme are DOCGs for what grape
Spanna AKA Nebiollo Bonarda (uva rara) and Vespolina may be blended in small amounts
86
Lessona & Sizzano DOCs make wines based on what
Nebbiolo based red blends
87
The monferrato hills have two DOCGS appellations, what are they for what grape? What year were they upgraded?
Barbera d'asti DOCG normale- released after 4 months aging Barbera del Monferatto Superiore DOCG- Superiore- 14 months aging with 6 months in cask Both were upgraded in 2008
88
What was the third DOCG in monferatto hills? what year
Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato- mostly ruche 2010
89
What was the 4th DOCG of the monferatto hills
Nizza- 2014- 100% Barbera
90
What are the three DOCG wines made from 100% Dolcetto
Dogliani DOCG- may be normal or superiore Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada)- Wines must be superior to recieve DOCG Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba (Diano d'Alba)-may be normal or superiore
91
The three DOCGs for dolcetto have all have a min aging of how long? What does Superior designate?
1 year Superiore just means heightened alcohol
92
Which DOCG for dolcetto may append soris to the label
Diano d'alba may append 77 soris to the label
93
What was the first still white DOCG in piedmonte
Gavi in the SOuth
94
What is the Grape of Gavi
Cortese
95
Define Tranquillo
Still
96
ERbaluce di Caluso DOCG is where and for what?
still, sparkling or passive white wine from the erbaluce grape It is just south of Carema Upgraded in 2010 to DOCG
97
Asti/Moscato d'Asti DOCG wines are what?
100% Moscato Bianco (Muscat blanc a petite grains) usually charmat method
98
who is the largest producer of DOCG wines in italy
Asti DOCG
99
Min atmospheres for Moscato d'asti DOCG what is the usualy alcohol content
2 atmospheres (frizzante) Usually between 4.5% -6.5%
100
What is the differene between frizzante and spumante
Frizzante (sightly sparkling) Spumante (Fully sparkling)
101
Describe the Alta Langa DOCG
More serious sparkling wines made from PN & Chardonnay Spumante- 30 months aging Riserva- 36 months
102
Name two producers of Alta Longa DOCG sparkling wine
Enrico Serafino | Fontanafredda
103
Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG
Red wines- sparkling, still or passito | min 97% Brachetto
104
Climate of Valle d'Aosta
Continental with long winters and short, hot summers mitigated by the western alps & the Dora Baltea RIver
105
Major River of the Valle d'Aosta
Dora Baltea
106
What is the sole DOC of Valle D'aosta
Valle d'Aosta DOC
107
What are the 7 sub appelations of the Valle d'Aosta
``` Arnad-Montjovet Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle Chambave Donnas Enfer d'Arvier Nus Torrette ```
108
Arnad-Montjovet wines are
min 70% Picoutendro (nebbiolo) Must be aged 5mnth from dec 1st must be aged 12 months if superiore
109
Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle
100% prie blanc Still white Sparkling- trad mehtod w/ min 9 mnth lees VT as well Grown on the hillsides of Mont Blanc- crazy high elevation
110
Chambave
White- 100% moscato Bianco Passito- 100% moscato Bianco Red WIne- 70% petite rouge Following Dec 1st Must be aged min 5 months Supiore- 8 months
111
Donnas
Red wines min 85% Picoutendro (nebbiolo) Following Dec. 1st Min aging- 24mnths w. 10 in oak Superiore- Min 30mnth w. 12 in oak
112
Enfer d' Arvier
Red WInes Min 85% Petite Rouge Following Dec 1st Must be aged min 5 months Supiore- 8 months
113
Nus
White wines- 100% Malvoisie (PG) Passito - 100% Malvoisie (PG) min 12 mnths Red Wine- Min 70% Viendenus+Petite Rouge Following Dec 1st 5mnths 8mnths-superiore
114
Torette
Red wines Min 70% petite Rouge Fol;lowing dec 1st min 5mnths min 8mnths superiore
115
Valle d'Aosta DOC wines may be varietal iat what %
85% | Gamay, Petite Arvine, petite Rouge, Fumin and Premetta
116
What grape is usually bottled as rose in the Valle d'Aosta
Premetta
117
What is the most important DOCG of Lombardy
Franciacorta DOCG
118
Franciacorta DOCG wine may be what?
Sparkling wine only
119
Still wines from franciacorta are labeled as what?
Curtefranco DOC or Sebino IGT
120
What is the prestige cuvee of Mauricio Zanella of Ca'Del Basco?
Annamaria Clementi it is made in the Franciacorta DOCG
121
What are the permitted grapes and vilification for Franciacorta DOCG
Chardonnay, PN w/ max 50% PB and the wines must be traditional method
122
NV Franciacorta DOCG aging min
min 18 months on the lees and cannot be released until 25mnth from harvest
123
Franciacorta Saten
ONLY WHITE GRAPESm must be bottled at less that 5 atmospheres
124
Franciacorta Rose
Min 25% pinot Nero and is produced by blending rather than saignee
125
Min aging for vintage franciacorta
37 months, unlike champagne it only requires 85% from stated vintage
126
Min aging for Vintage franciacorta reserve
5 years on the lees, release after total of 67 months
127
What is dosage?
Dosage
128
The franciacorta RS scale mirror the RS scale of what?
Champagne
129
Tradtional method sparking wine from southern Lombardy is labeled as what?
Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG
130
Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG must have a min % of what?
Pinot Nero-70%, may be labeled varietally at 85%
131
Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG min aging
NV- 15mnths lees | Vintage- 20mnths lees
132
What may be released from the Oltrepo Pavese DOC
Still wines
133
What is Lombary's most important red wine region?
Valtellina
134
Nebbiolo in Valtellina
Chiavennasca
135
Describe the climate of Valtellina
High altitude, alpine with tons of sunshine
136
Gattinara and Ghemme are located on what river
Sesia RIver
137
4 communes of Barbaresco
Treiso Barbaresco Sliver of Alba Neive
138
What DOCG is known for trad method sparkling in piemonte
Alta Langa DOCG
139
What are the two styles of franciacorta that must be dry
Saten | Frnciacorta Reserva
140
Schiava AKA
Trollinger (Germany)
141
Soave DOC is famous for what grape
Gargenega
142
Most famous cru in Conegliano valdobliodene Prosecco DOCG
Cartizza
143
Valtellina itself is a DOC or DOCG
DOC, the DOCG is Valtellina Superiore DOCG it has 5 subzones
144
What are the five sub zones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG
Valgella, inferno, grumello, sasella, moraggia
145
Valtellina Superiore min aging Valtellina Superiore Riserva min aging
Valtellina Superiore - 24 months total w/ 12 in cask Valtellina Superiore Riserva 36 months with 12 months in cask
146
what are the two DOCGs of Valtellina?
Valtellina superiore DOCG Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG
147
What is Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG
A DOCG for wines that are similar in style to reciotto, produced from nebiollo grapes that are dried prior to fermentation and cannot yield more than half the equivalent of juice of a freshly harvested grape. Must be dry, min alc is 14% and must be aged for min 2 years
148
What is Stagafassli?
Valtellina wines may be labeled Stagafassli if they are bottled in neighboring Switzerland
149
Sforzato Vs. Stagafasilli
Sforzato- dried Nebbiolo grapes, vilified dry, aged min 2 years, mi alc 14% Sagafassli- Valtellina wines bottled in Switzerland
150
Moscato di Scanzo DOCG
Sweet passive red wines from red moscato grapes Must be aged min 2 years NOT IN OAK Often bottled in Futura bottles (slender 500ml)
151
What is a futura
Slender 500ml bottles used for Moscato di Scanzo DOCG, similar in shape to the Iniskillin ice wine bottles
152
What is the climate of Liguria?
Mediteranean
153
What is Pigato
A synonym for fermenting used in Liguria
154
What are the major grapes of Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC and Rossese is Dolceaqua DOC/
Rossese
155
Cinque Terre DOC is famous for producing what style of wine?
Light whites from Bosco
156
What are the two DOCG regions of Emilia Romagna
Romagna Albana- white (gold) from the Albana grape made in a range of styles Colli Bolognese Pignoletto- varietal wines from the Grechetto
157
What was Italy's first white wine DOCG
Romagna Albana DOCG
158
In the central provinces of Modena and Reggio, production is mostly taken up by what wine?
Lambrusco
159
Name 3 DOCs for Lambrusco Production
Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC
160
Name one DOC for Lambrusco production in Lombardy (not Emilia Romagna)
Lambrusco Montovano DOC
161
What brand catapulted Lambrusco to fame in the 1970s?
Banfi's "Riunite"
162
Alto Adige AKA
Sudtirol
163
In Trentino-Alto Adige, where are you most likely to found German vs. Italian spoken
Trentino- Italian Alto Adige (Sudtirol)- North
164
Bolzano is the capital of what?
Alto Adige
165
What is the overarching DOC for Trentino-Alto Adige?
Valdadige DOC it also encorporates pieces of Verona in the Veneto
166
Where would you find the town of Tramin (possibly home to Gewurtz)
Alto-Adige
167
What is Marzemino?
A genetic Progency of Teroldego and a sibling of Lagrein
168
How many DOCG zones does Trentino-Alto Adige have? Name them
0
169
Requirements for Valpolicella DOC
45-95% Corvina | 5%-30% Rondinella
170
Valpolicella Superiore must be aged for how long?
Min 1 year from Jan 1st following harvest
171
Define VIgna
Single Vineyard bottlings
172
Define asppasimento
Grapes are dried for over three months in special lofts (fruttai)
173
Define Fruttai
Special lofts of drying recciotto grapes
174
How much longer are recioto della valpolicella grapes usually dried in comparison to Amarone?
Usually one month more
175
Amarone aging requirements
Amareno della Valoplicella- min 2 years from jan 1st Riserva- min 4 years
176
What % of a producers grapes can be used to make AMarone?
65%, the rest may make Valpolicella or Valpolicella Ripasso
177
Bardolino Chiaretto is what?
Rose wine made in Bardolino
178
Soave DOC requirements
Min 70% Garganega
179
What are the two DOCGs within Soave DOC?
Recioto di Soave DOCG Soave Superiore SOCG
180
What is Soave Superiore
Wine from a specified subregion (either Classico or Colli Scaligeri). It is aged for a min of 1 year with min 3 months in bottle
181
Which of the following MAY NOT be vilified "Spumante" Soave DOC REcioto di Soave DOCG Soave Superiore DOCG
Soave superiore DOCG
182
Is botrytis common in Recioto di Soave DOCG
Yes
183
Gambellara DOC grape requirements
min 80% Garganega
184
What is Recioto di Gambellara DOCG?
A docg of 100% gargenage for sweet still and sparkling made from dried garganega grapes
185
What is produced in the Breganze TOcolato DOC?
Passito wines of 100% Vespaiolo
186
Min atmosphere for Prosecco Spumante
3.5
187
Atmospheres for frizzante prosecco
1-2.5
188
What are the two DOCGs of prosecco, which is the most important
Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG- Most important Asolo Prosecco DOCG
189
What is the most important cru for prosecco productionq
Cartizze- within Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosseco DOCG
190
Cartizze is what? what must it be labeled as
The most important cru in Prosecco production the wines must be labeled "Valdobbiadene Superiore di Cartizze"
191
Valdobbiadene Superiore di Cartizze wines must be what?
Fully sparkling and "dry" btwn 17-35g/l RS
192
Wine listed as Glera usually means what?
The wine is not at DOC /G level. Prosecco may only be used at the DOC or above level
193
Vintage prosecco must contain what % of that vintage
85%
194
Prosecco must contain what % of prosecco
85%
195
Who is Mario Schiopetto?
Brought techniques (cold fermentation in stainless...) from Germany and Austria to Italy
196
What is the coolest and highest altitude area within Colli Orientali dill Friuli-Picolit DOCG and who is it a monopole of?
Call- monopole of Ronchi di Cialla
197
Fruilano is what?
Friuli's trade marked varietal locally called "tai"- used to be called today fruilano
198
What is the most planted grape in Friuli?
Merlot (weird right?)
199
The prosecco DOC extends into where?
Friuli

TL- Italy (16 decks)

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