Northern Earls Aftermath Flashcards
How did leadership cause the Northern Earls rebellion to fail?
Earl of Northumberland and Westmoreland weren’t that focused; disagreements between the leaders and Northumberland had to be convinced to rebel
How did government response cause failure?
Was weak initially as local government was controlled by Protestant outsiders and locals who furthered the rebellion, but ultimately were loyal to Elizabeth and helped to end it.
How did lack of support within England cause failure?
A lot of local lords had Catholic sympathies but they were too scared to rebel in fear of punishment from Elizabeth.
How did lack of international support cause failure?
Spain hadn’t intervened due to the French links that Mary had and preferred not to have England in French control. The Earl of Moray, pro-English regend of Scotland, had prevented northern forces from helping the rebels. The Pope also hadn’t yet excommunicated Elizabeth from the Catholic Church, so the Catholic lords hadn’t ground to go against her.
What were the punishments following the rebellion to the rebels and the ringleaders?
Northumberland and Westmoreland captured but escaped; 8 other ringleaders were excecuted with Northumberland being captured later. Elizabeth wanted to send out a strong message so ordered 700 ordinary rebels to be killed, yet due to Bowes and Earl of Sussex’s efforts only 450 were killed - they had Catholic sympathies but wanted to keep Elizabeth happy, so they tried to limit the excecutions.
What were the political punishments following the rebellion?
Council of the North was reorganized in 1572 with Earl of Huntingdon as president, and was given extended powers. Helped to decrease power of traditional northern nobility and extend powers of the crown. Earl of Moray was killed by a supporter of Mary, so using this and the excuse of wanting to kill escaped rebels, she had established successful protestant control over Scotland.
What were the issues faced by Elizabeth after the rebellion in terms of religion?
Elizabeth was politique (supported moderate form of religion) and resisted legislations which would go to far in making people attend CofE services. Distrusted radicalism on both ends. But the uprising in 1569 made it harder for her to be moderate, especially after the Papal bull from Rome which had excommunicated her, led to anti-Catholic paranoia.
Which Catholics posed a threat to Elizabeth in the aftermath of the rebellion?
Most Catholics were royal to the Queen but some were unsure between her and the Pope. Resulted in some minor plots to kill Elizabeth and this led to harsher punishments for recusancy. Rome sent Catholic Jesuit priests to England to spread the word, but when they were caught they were dealt with harshly.
What was the government response to the Catholic threat?
Parliament met 5 times between 1570-1590 to address threat of Catholicism. Elizabeth was forced to adopt hardline measures as national and international Catholic threats increased. For example, made it treason to publish the papal bull for her excommunication. Bond of Association was made law; meant that anyone who plotted against Elizabeth would be killed right away and so would anyone who was found helping Jesuit priests. War with Spain in 1585, which was dangerous as they were Catholic and this gave rise to more plots to kill Elizabeth. Elizabeth eventually was forced to excecute Mary to remove the option of a Catholic queen.
What were the effects of the governments response to the rising Catholic threat in the aftermath of the rebellion?
End of Elizabeth’s reign had only 50k Catholics. Jesuit priests couldn’t reach majority of Catholics and new generation had grown up with CofE in 1580s. Catholic clergymen appointed during Mary’s reign were dying out.
How did Protestantism change in England after the Northern Rising?
Radical protestantism was rising. Several members of Elizabeth’s council had protestant sympathies, such as Robert Dudley, and pushed for more radical religious changes, but Elizabeth encouraged moderate Anglicanism. Though Spain was defeated, it remained a threat for the rest of the reign. Puritans tried to seperate from the CofE in late 1580s and Puritan MPs in parliament argued in favour of radical changes since 1570 and any challenge to Elizabeth’s authority was surpressed.
