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CSW > North America/CALIFORNIA > Flashcards

North America/CALIFORNIA Flashcards

1
Q

U.S. case production

A

4th in world, 350 million cases

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2
Q

CA produces _____% of U.S. wine

A

81%

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3
Q

Number of bonded wineries in the U.S.

A

16,000

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4
Q

European colonists produced wine from indigenous grapes in Florida, when?

A

1560’s

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5
Q

Where were Vinifera vines first successfully planted and vinified in the U.S.?

When?

A

Texas and New Mexico
1620’s

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6
Q

First Vinifera wines of CA?

A

1770’s

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7
Q

What brothers were responsible for consistent and reasonably priced wine after Prohibition?

A

Ernest and Julio Gallo

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8
Q

Hungarian immigrant who brought European vines to Sonoma?

What year

A

Agoston Haraszthy

1861

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9
Q

1st commercial winery of Napa Valley?

When?

A

Charles Krug

1861

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10
Q

1st commercial U.S. winery?

When?

A

Nicholas Longworth

1830’s, Ohio

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11
Q

Who made 1st American sparkling wine?

A

Nicholas Longworth

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12
Q

Wine journalist who promoted varietal labeling?

A

Frank Schoonmaker

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13
Q

CA winemaker who introduced modern techniques and mentored many successful winemakers

A

Andre Tchelistcheff

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14
Q

Creator of White Zinfandel?

A

Bob Trinchero, son of Mario Trinchero

Sutter Home

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15
Q

Significance of White Zin?

A

Saved Zinfandel from being uprooted or abandoned.

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16
Q

Name the 3 tiers of U.S. Wine Industry

A
  1. Producers/Suppliers- includes importers
  2. Distributors or Wholesalers
  3. Retailers
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17
Q

4 rules of 3 tier system

A
  1. Wineries can sell only to distributors
  2. Foreign wineries must sell their wine to U.S. based importer
  3. Distributors cannot have direct ownership of wineries or retail establishments and cannot sell directly to the public
  4. Retailers must remain independent of the other tiers
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18
Q

Producers can sell to……

A
  1. Distributor
  2. Importer
  3. In bulk to another winery
  4. Direct to consumers at the winery, if allowed by state and local laws
  5. Direct to consumers by shipping, if allowed by state and local laws
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19
Q

What are control states?

A

States where the government IS the distributor.

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20
Q

What is a franchise state

A

Favorable for distributors, who have leverage over producers

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21
Q

TTB place of origin may be defined by political boundaries like:

A
  1. U.S.
  2. State
  3. Multi state (3 maximum)
  4. County
  5. Multi county (3 maximum
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22
Q

As of 2021, how many AVA’s?

How many states

How many in CA

Parentheses = April 2023 count

A

260 (267)

30 (34)

142 (147)

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23
Q

What info must appear on a U.S. brand label

A

Brand Name
Class/type of wine
ABV

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24
Q

Which place names are disallowed on U.S. labels

A

Bordeaux & Rioja

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25
Q

Name some semi generic names?

When are they still allowed

A

Chablis, Burgundy, Chianti, Port, Madeira

Allowed as long as there is a geographic indication like “CA Madeira” and only if labels were approved prior to March 2006.

“They have been outside those regions so long that they have lost their explicit reference to the original wine zone”

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26
Q

For wines of 14% or less ABV, ________ can be used in exchange for an exact %

A

Table Wine

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27
Q

American wine may contain up to _____% foreign wine

A

25%

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28
Q

Min. sulfite requirement for “Contains Sulfites”

A

10ppm

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29
Q

If Vintage is stated, with AVA or foreign equivalent, it requires ______%

A

95%

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30
Q

If vintage is stated for county, state or nation, ______% is required

A

85%

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31
Q

What are the exceptions to varietal labeling requiring 75%?

A

Vitis Labrusca= 51%

Oregon PN, PG and CH= 90%

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32
Q

If a wine is a blend varietals can be named only if……

A

They are all named & the percentage of each is also named

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33
Q

Meritage inception date?

A

1988

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34
Q

Meritage requirements:

A
  1. Winery’s most expensive wine
    2.Production cannot exceed 25,000 cases
  2. Red= CS, CF, PV, Malbec, Merlot, St. Macaire, Gros Verdot, Carmenere
    - Min 2 must be used, no grape can be more than 90%
  3. White= SB, Muscadelle, Semillon
    -min 2 must be used, no grape can be more than 90%
35
Q

CA and Oregon designates require ____%

Washington designate requires ____%

A

100%

95%

36
Q

Rules for “Estate”

A
  1. Must come from 1 or more vineyards owned or leased by the winery
  2. Must be within single AVA
  3. Winery must be located in that AVA
37
Q

AVA labeling in Oregon requires _____%

A

95%

38
Q

What county produces 20% of CA chardonnay

A

Monterey

39
Q

Los Olivos District AVA approved in what year?

A

2016

40
Q

Alisos Canyon AVA approved in what year?

A

2020

41
Q

Which of these AVA’s is not completely nested within the Santa Ynez Valley AVA:

Sta Rita Hills
Ballard Canyon
Los Olivos
Happy Canyon

A

Sta Rita Hills

42
Q

what area is planted with 55% of CA’s grape acreage?

A

Central Valley

43
Q

Which of CA’s largest AVA’s contains only 1% of CA grape acreage?

A

Sierra Foothills

44
Q

Which county, according to EPA, has cleanest air quality in CA?

A

Lake

45
Q

Name the 5 Super AVA’s

A

North Coast
Central Coast
South Coast
SF Bay
Sierra Foothills

46
Q

Where is the “Goldilocks” zone for Rhone varietals?

A

Alisos Canyon

Not too hot, not too cold, just right.

47
Q

What did Norse explorers in the 11th Century first name N. America?

A

Vinland

48
Q

Colonists named Labrusca…..

A

Fox Grapes

49
Q

Name 4 Native American hybrid grapes

A

Catawba
Delaware
Niagara
Concord
Scuppernong
Norton

50
Q

Name 3 highly regarded Hybrid grapes

A

Seyval Blanc
Vidal Blanc
Chambourcin

51
Q

What did George Gibbs do?

A

Long Island grape grower brought the Zinfandel variety to his nursery in the 1820’s.

52
Q

Durif is a cross of?

Why is it called this

A

Peloursin x Syrah

AKA Petite Sirah

Off chance cross in a nursery owned by Francois Durif

53
Q

How many approved grape varietals in U.S.

A

> 300 (47 pending)

54
Q

U.S. approved pseudonym for Tempranillo

A

Valdepeñas

55
Q

U.S. approved pseudonym for Riesling

A

White Riesling

56
Q

Name 3 grape pseudonyms no longer permitted in the U.S.

A

Gamay Beaujolais
Johannisberg Riesling
Napa Gamay

57
Q

Most concentrated area in Central Valley for grape growing

A

San Joaquin Valley

58
Q

Napa county has ____ largest acreage planted of any county but accounts for only ____% of CA’s total production by volume

A

3rd

4%

59
Q

How many AVA’s in Napa including Napa AVA

A

17

60
Q

Calistoga cooling influence?

A

Chalk Hill Gap

61
Q

Which AVA receives less fog/wind/heat retention due to narrowing of valley floor?

A

St. Helena

62
Q

What Ava is the only appellation in Napa that is elevation specific?

what is that elevation

A

Howell. mountain

1400 foot minimum

63
Q

Diamond Mountain elevation range

A

400-2200

64
Q

Most planted variety of Sonoma?

A

Chardonnay

65
Q

_____ of Sonoma wines are _____

A

2/3
red

66
Q

Sonoma Coast AVA acreage?

A

500,000

67
Q

What 2 (3, now) AVA’s are nested within Sonoma Coast AVA?

A

Petaluma Gap

Fort Ross Seaview

(West Sonoma Coast)

68
Q

Chalk Hill is well known for

A

Robust Chardonnay and SB

69
Q

Name the 4 nested AVA’s within Sonoma Valley

A

Bennett Valley
Sonoma MOuntain
Moon Mountain
Los Carneros

70
Q

What AVA is just north of Sonoma Valley AVA

A

Fountaingrove District

71
Q

Mendo ridge must be a min of ______ft above sea level

A

1200

72
Q

what AVA is known as “islands in the sky”

A

Mendo Ridge

73
Q

Cole Ranch named after

A

John Cole, who planted 1st vines here in 1970’s

74
Q

Largest geothermal field in N. America

A

Lake County

75
Q

Name the 7 AVA’s of Lake County

A

Benmore Valley
Clear Lake
High Valley
Red Hills
Big Valley
Kelsey Bench
Guenoc Valley

76
Q

Most planted white of Lake County

A

SB

77
Q

Bechthold Vineyard significance?

A

Some of oldest Cinsault vineyards in Lodi (1886)

78
Q

San Diego de Alcala

A

1st of 9 missions by Junipero Serra

79
Q

LA county was growing Bordeaux varieties starting in what yr?

Who brought them?

A

1833

Jean Louis Vignes

80
Q

El Aliso?

A

Jean Louis Vignes’ estate, in honor of ancient sycamore on property

81
Q

Don Luis del Aliso

A

Jean Louis Vignes

82
Q

South Coast AVA has parts of which 5 counties

A

San Bernardino
San Diego
Orange
Riverside
LA

83
Q

Temecula Valley AVA is in which county

A

Riverside

84
Q

Cucamonga Valley is shared by which 2 counties

A

Riverside
San Bernardino

CSW (24 decks)

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