Normocytic/chromic: Low Retic Count

Question 1

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 1

Bone marrow failure (Loses hematopoietic ability) Causes: Hereditary, Idiopathic, Medications, Antibiotics, Infection, Chemotherapy, Radiation

Question 2

Aplastic Anemia Lab Findings

Answer 2

Pancytopenia (All 3 cell lines (RBC, WBC, and PLT) are decreased) Bone marrow shows marked hypocellularity

Question 3

Myelophthisic Anemia

Answer 3

Myelophthisis: BM is infiltrated by malignant cells (Leukemia), Crowds out normal hematopoiesis (Immature cells are forced out of the BM and can be seen in the peripheral blood, Extramedullary hematopoiesis)

Question 4

Chronic Renal Disease

Answer 4

Pathophysiology of anemia: Renal disease (Decrease in EPO production or BM fails to respond to EPO, Development of uremia), Uremia (Buildup of waste products, Poor renal filtration), Uremic environment is unfavorable for RBCs (Decreased lifespan, Poikilocytosis (Burr cells), Anemia worsens as uremia increases)

Question 5

Effects of End stage Renal Disease on RBCs

Answer 5

Echinocytes and Burr Cells