Normal vs Abnormal Child Development Flashcards
The ill-treatment of children (labour, stigma around behavioural and intellectual difficulties, to name a few) lead to the United Nations establishing what?
the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Which child protection law was introduced in New Zealand after the CRC?
The Vulnerable Children’s Act
In 1911, England deemed child abuse a punishable offence. True or false?
False - animal cruelty was outlawed in England in 1911, decades before child abuse.
Provide as many answers as possible. According to the UN CRC, children have a right to:
Survival. Develop to their fullest potential. Access education. Protection. Participate fully. Have their views, wants and needs respected.
Which of the following states that children have a right to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation - the UN CRC, Vulnerable Children’s Act NZ, Erikson’s theory of child development?
The UN CRC
Name the first stage of Erikson’s theory of child development:
Trust vs mistrust
Which stage of Erikson’s theory suggests that in a child’s first year of life, they should have a safe and comfortable environment, a good parent-child relationship and be able to see the world positively?
Stage 1 (trust vs mistrust)
Which stage of Erikson’s theory suggests that children feel safe to assert autonomy and independence after trust is established?
Stage 2 - autonomy vs shame and doubt
According to stage 2 of Erikson’s theory, too little autonomy (helicopter parenting) or too much autonomy (neglectful parenting) can lead to what?
Insecure attachment
According to stage 2 of Erikson’s theory, high restraint or harsh punishment towards children leads to:
Shame and doubt
Which stage of Erikson’s theory suggests that a sense of responsibility and learning skills to meet challenges builds initiative?
Stage 3 - initiative vs guilt
According to stage 3 of Erikson’s theory, what happens if a child is unable to ‘try and fail’?
Guilt
In order from 1-5, name Erikson’s stages of “normal” development:
Trust > autonomy > initiative > industry > identity
Which stage of Erikson’s theory suggests that teachers and students at a child’s school play a larger role in development, thus fostering either a positive or inferior sense of self?
Stage 4: industry vs inferiority
At which stage of Erikson’s theory do children become more concerned with how they are perceived by their peers, resulting in positive identity or role confusion?
Stage 5 - identity vs role confusion
How many stages of Erikson’s theory of development are there altogether?
8
How many stages of Erikson’s theory range from child to late adolescence?
5
Overtime, children are less influenced by their parents and more influenced by their peers. True or false?
True
Brofenbrenner’s ecological model suggests that for a child to develop normally, development must include which 4 factors?
Individual, family, school/community, wider society
Provide as many answers as possible - positive child-parent relationships are fostered by parents who are:
Present. Reliable. Accepting. Inclusive. Have similar interests and personalities.
Children from countries experiencing war or political instability often maintain normal development. True or false?
False
Name the 3 types of factors that influence childhood development:
Biological, psychological, social
Provide any number of answers. Biological influences on childhood development include:
Genes. Gene-environment interactions. In-utero effects. Brain structure. Neurotransmitters. Head injuries. Illness. Gender.
Provide any number of answers. Psychological influences on child development can include:
Self-esteem. Temperament. Ability to cope. Emotion regulation. Cognition.
Provide any number of answers. Social influences on child development can include:
Family. Modelling. Child-environment interactions. Peers. School. Community. Culture. Media.
