Normal range & Lab

Question 1

BMI

Body mass index

Answer 1

BMI=((weight in pounds)/(height in inchesheight in inches))703
A client with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered to be at a healthy weight. A client with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight; a client with a BMI of 30 or greater indicates obesity. A BMI greater than 40 is considered extreme obesity.

Question 2

Waist

Answer 2

higher than 42 in (106 cm) in women or 47 in (119 cm) in men has been associated with higher risk for health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Waist-hip ratio > 1 in men, >0.8 in women: obesity

Question 3

Temp

Answer 3

Normal 96.7-100.5 
normal: 96.4-99.5   afebrile 
oral: 97.7 — 99.5
Axillary:  96.7-98.5
Tympanic: 98.2–100
Temporal: 98.7–100.5
Rectal: 98.7–100.5

Question 4

Fever
1Pyrexia 
2Hyperyrexia
3Hyperthermia
4Neutrogenic fever
5FUO
6. Heat exhaustion
7. Heat stroke
8. Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 4

2 106F
3 99.5-105
4 hypothalamus damage, brain trauma. Not respond to antipyretic med
5 101 or more last than 3 weeks unknown cause
6 100-104 clammy, thirst
7 > 104 no sweating, not give fluid, delirium, convulsion, coma
8 muscles contraction

Question 5

Hypothermia

Answer 5

Mild 90 - 95 (35)
Moderate 82.4-90
Severe <82.4 (28)

Question 6

Blood Glucose test

• Fasting blood sugar
• Oral glucose tolerance
• Random plasma glucose

Answer 6

Less than 100mg/dL is normal, 100-125 prediabetes

• > 126
• > 200
• > 200 plus symptoms

Question 7

Hypoglycemia

Answer 7

<70 mg/dl

Severe if <40

Question 8

Hyperglycemia

Answer 8

> 250 mg/dl

Question 9

WBC

Answer 9

4,500 to 11,000 mm3

Question 10

Drop factor

Gtt(drops)/min = (volume(ml)*drop factor)/ time (in minutes)

Answer 10

(Drops)/mL

Question 11

Sodium

Answer 11

135-145 mEq/L

Question 12

Potassium

Answer 12

3.5-5.3 mEq/L

Question 13

Calcium

Answer 13

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

Question 14

Blood pH

Answer 14

7.35-7.45

Question 15

P CO2

Answer 15

35-45

Question 16

P HCO 3

Answer 16

22-26

Question 17

P O2

O2 sat.

Answer 17

80-100

95-100%

Question 18

Isotonic equal

Blood plasma osmolarity

Answer 18

240-340 mOsm/l

Normal saline (0.9% NaCl)
( 308 mOsm/L)

Lactated Ringers (LR)
(273)

D5W
(272)

Question 19

Hyponatremia

Answer 19

• Mental & personality change, headache
• Muscle weakness, decrease muscle tone
• Increase mobility ( GI) nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramping

Question 20

Hypernatremia

Answer 20

• short attention span, confusion, drowsiness, stupor

- increase excitability, muscle twitching, then get tired and fatigue cause paralysis

Question 21

Hypokalemia

Answer 21

• Muscle weakness
• shallow respiratory r/t weak muscle
• GI: decrease smooth muscle, decrease peristalsis, hypoactive bowel sound, constipation
• cardiovascular: weak thready pulse, hypotension, ekg change( prominent U-wave) heart block

Question 22

Hyperkalemia

Answer 22

• neutromuscular: increase excitability, skeletal muscle twitching, tingling, burning, numbness
• GI: increase peristalsis, hyperactive bowel sound, diarrhea
• cardio: irregular heart beat, low BP, peak t-wave, dysrthmias, ventricular fibrillation, cardia arrest.

Question 23

Hypocalcium

Answer 23

Musculoskeletal: increase muscle excitability, muscles twitching, cramping, tentany, positive Trousseau’s, positive chvostek’s sign, seizure activity

Question 24

Hypercalemia

Answer 24

• Blood clots, kidney stone/gall stone
• N/V, constipation, anorexia
• weakness, fatigue, depression, confusion
• bone pain, polyuria
• ekg change ( bradycardia)

Question 25

Dehydration

Answer 25

• deceased thready pulse, decrease BP, INCREASE HR
• decreased urine output
• increase urine specific gravity
• dry skin
• thirst

Question 26

Acidosis

Answer 26

• confusion, drowsiness, headache
• weakness
• kussmaul respiration (rapid& deep)
• hypotension, arrythmias
• hyperkalemia
• coma

Question 27

Alkalosis

Answer 27

• irritability, seizure, positive Chvosteks, Trousseau sign
• muscle twitching, cramping, then skeletal muscle weakness
• increase HR, normal to low BP