Med for pediatric Flashcards
phenytoin sodium
A side effect of phenytoin sodium is gingival hyperplasia.
A mydriatic
A mydriatic is a drug that induces dilation of the pupils.
Benzocaine
Benzocaine numbing eardrops can be prescribed for acute otitis media to help with severe pain.
Digoxin
Alprostadil
Furosemide
Indomethacin
Digoxin is indicated for atrial fibrillation. It increases the contractility of the heart muscle by decreasing conduction and increasing force.
- Alprostadil is indicated for temporary maintenance of ductus arteriosus patency in infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart defects.
- – Furosemide is used for the management of edema associated with heart failure.
- –Indomethacin is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus.
Ferrous sulfate
spironolactone
Ferrous sulfate is give for iron-deficiency anemia, and spironolactone is a diuretic.
sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin
UTIs may be treated with antibiotics (usually sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin) at home.
ibuprofen
Dysmenorrhea is pain associated with menstruation. A prostaglandin release is responsible for the smooth muscle contraction of the uterus during menstruation. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen has an antiprostaglandin mechanism that will block the prostaglandin release. It is the best choice for dysmenorrhea.
Isotretinoin: severe acne
Isotretinoin is a pregnancy category X drug: It must not be used at all during pregnancy because of serious risk of fetal abnormalities.
Cytarabine and hydroxyurea
—antimetabolites: is a chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism.
Cytarabine and hydroxyurea are antimetabolites. Mitoxantrone and dactinomycin are antitumor antibiotics. Carboplatin is a miscellaneous agent.
Nevirapine
Nevirapine is a nonnucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) that binds to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, blocking DNA polymerase activity and disrupting the virus life cycle. It’s used for treatment of HIV-1 infection as part of a three-drug regimen.
- -Metformin, a biguanide
- -Glipizide, glyburide
Metformin, a biguanide, reduces glucose production from the liver.
—Glipizide, glyburide, and nateglinide all stimulate insulin secretion by increasing the response of β cells to glucose.
Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide is the treatment for GI reflux.
Methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease.
Desmopressin acetate
Desmopressin acetate is a synthetic antidiuretic hormone that promotes reabsorption of water by action on renal tubules; it is used to control diabetes insipidus by decreasing the amount of urine produced.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant commonly prescribed for ADHD
-Insomnia, headache, and an upset stomach are common side effects
Atropine
Atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia unresponsive to ventilation and oxygenation. Atropine increases cardiac output, dries secretions, and inhibits serotonin and histamine release. Atropine is an anticholinergic. It causes tachycardia, inhibits secretions, and relaxes smooth muscle.
- –Sodium bicarbonate is used to combat acidosis when there is low perfusion.
- –Naloxone reverses the effect of opioids.
- –Calcium carbonate is used for documented or suspected hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, and calcium channel blocker overdose.
Epinephrine
Epinephrine reverses histamine release and hypotension due to anaphylaxis. It increases the heart rate and systemic vascular resistance.
—Diphenhydramine and cimetidine are histamine blockers. They are used for milder forms of allergic reactions.
