Newborn Flashcards
Meconium stools
Greenish dark stool from 1-3 day by formula-fed
Extrauterine
Outside of uterus
Harlequin sign
When baby crying. Red on one side, pale on other side
Ortolani maneuver
Check for hip dislocation
Caput succedaneum
Swelling of the scalp in newborn. It usually resolve for first few days
Thrash
Crying repeated and hard
Swaddle
Wrap a baby like they feel in the womb
Acrocyanosis
Painless bluish discoloration of both hands
Apgar score
A: activity, muscle tone P: pulse/ heart rate G: grimace A: Appearance R: respiration/ breathing 0-10
Positive babinski reflex
The toes should fan out
Moro reflex
Automatic response when baby become startled, and they extend their arms, move them outward at the shoulder
Stepping reflex
Walking and dance reflex, when hold baby upright with the feet soles touching a solid surface and move him forward
Plantar grasp
( babinski reflex), toes will curl around your thumb
Erythema toxicum
Flea-like rash, common rash seen in full-term newborns. Appear few days after birth and fades within week
Milia
Tiny white bumps appear in baby’s face
Lanugo
Fine soft hair cover the body and limbs of a human newborn
Epstein pearls
Whitish yellow cysts. Form on the gums and roof of the mouth in newborn baby
Fencing reflex
Tonic neck, when baby head turned one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow.
Rooting reflex
When corner of baby’s mouth is stroked or touched. Baby will turn head and open mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stoking. This help baby find the breast or bottle to start feeding
0.5% erythromycin ointment or 1% tetracycline ophthalmic
Prevent bacterial infection of eye in newborn babies
Skin-to-skin ( kangaroo) care
Holding infant in an upright and prone position on the parent chest
Jitteriness
Involuntary that is particular frequent in the newborn. It’s hallmark is tremor.
Hibernation
Consume less energy. Survive without eat for certain period of time
LGA
LGA stands for large for gestational age
limpness or jitteriness
loose and not stiff, Having or feeling nervous unease
Undescended testes
testicle not fall in the right place
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
is a serious breathing disorder caused by a lack of alveolar surfactant. Diagnosis of RDS is made based on a chest X-ray and the clinical symptoms of increasing respiratory distress, crackles, generalized cyanosis, and heart rates exceeding 150 beats per minute
SGA
is small-for-gestational-age, a newborn head that is disproportionately large compared with rest of body; a wasted appearance of extremities with reduced subcutaneous fat stores; a reduced amount of breast tissue; poor muscle tone over buttocks and cheeks; and a thin umbilical cord.
Term infants
of week 38 and before week 42 of pregnancy. Infants who fall between the 10th and 90th percentiles of weight for their gestational age, whether they are preterm, term, or postterm, are considered appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Infants who fall below the 10th percentile of weight for their age are considered small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Those who fall above the 90th percentile in weight are considered large-for-gestational-age (LGA). Still another term used is low-birth-weight (LBW; one weighing under 2500 g at birth). Those weighing 1000 to 1500 g are very-low-birth-weight (VLBW). Those born weighing 500 to 1000 g are considered extremely-low-birth-weight infants (ELBW).
Polycythemia
Polycythemia refers to an increase in the number of red blood cells in the body. The extra cells cause the blood to be thicker, and this, in turn, increases the risk of other health issues, such as blood clots.
hydrocephalus
a condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain, typically in young children, enlarging the head and sometimes causing brain damage.
esophageal atresia
Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which part of a baby’s esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) does not develop properly. The newborn with this disorder will have frothing, excessive drooling, and periods of respiratory distress with choking and cyanosis. If this happens, no feedings should be given until the newborn has been examined.
effects of alcohol
effects of alcohol on fetal development is restricted growth in weight, length, and head circumference
oph·thal·mi·a
inflammation of the eye, especially conjunctivitis
myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele is a neural tube defect in which the bones of the spine do not completely form. This results in an incomplete spinal canal. The nurse should place the newborn in a prone or lateral position to keep pressure off the spinal sac and avoid newborn injury.
bladder exstrophy
Bladder exstrophy is a congenital (present at birth) abnormality of the bladder. It happens when the skin over the lower abdominal wall (bottom part of the tummy) does not form properly, so the bladder is open and exposed on the outside of the abdomen. The infant is kept in a supine position, and the bladder is kept moist and covered with a sterile plastic bag.
isolette
a brand of incubator for premature or other newborn infants
tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot defects cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and into the rest of the body. and significant pulmonary stenosis exhibits prominent signs of dyspnea, fatigue, and cyanosis
hiatal hernia
the protrusion of an organ, typically the stomach, through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm. The nursing suggestion that is most helpful is to feed the infant in an upright position and maintain that position after the feeding.
Ortolani and Barlow tests
The instability of the hip may be assessed by the Ortolani and Barlow tests, which play a big role in the clinical screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The Barlow Test is a physical examination performed on infants to screen for developmental dysplasia of the hip.
dysphasia: the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer.
Pathologic jaundice
Pathologic jaundice occurs within the first 24 hours of life and is often related to blood incompatibility. Physiologic jaundice is caused by the normal reduction of red blood cells and occurs in both breastfed and bottle-fed babies.
Phototherapy treatment
Phototherapy is a type of medical treatment that involves exposure to fluorescent light bulbs or other sources of light like halogen lights, sunlight, and light. Phototherapy works by the chemical interaction between a light source and the bilirubin in the neonate’s skin. Therefore, the larger the skin area exposed to light, the more effective the treatment. Changing the neonate’s position frequently ensures maximum exposure. Because the neonate will lose water through the skin as a result of evaporation,
Colic
Colic is defined as inconsolable crying that lasts 3 hours or longer per day and which it has no physical cause. Colic symptoms typically fade around 3 months of age.
cephalocaudal
cephalocaudal: proceeding or occurring in the long axis of the body especially in the direction from head to tail.
(ABR) test, (EOAE) test
Auditory brain stem response (ABR) test and the evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) test are indicated for newborns. A child not screened for hearing at birth should be screened before 1 month of age.
- The Rinne and Weber tests
- Tympanometry
The Rinne and Weber tests are used with children 6 years and older. Tympanometry is appropriate for children beyond 7 months of age
