Normal Oral Microflora Flashcards

Question

Veillonella species

Answer 1

Gram (-) cocci Anaerobic gram (-) cocci Found mostly in plaque

Answer 2

gram (-) bacilli found occasionally in subgingival plaque associated with aggressive periodontitis stimulate bone resorption

Answer 3

gram (-) bacilli Strict anaerobes Fusobacterium nucleatum: present in low numbers in healthy subgingival dental biofilm enriched in periodontal pockets key bridging organism between the early colonizers and periodontal pathogens opportunistic pathogen due to its association with systemic diseases

Answer 4

gram (-) bacilli Utilize proteins and peptides for their metabolism Porphyromas gingivalis: found almost exclusively at subgingival sites, especially in advanced periodontal lesions; major flora in dental plaque Porphyromas endodontalis: identified primarily in infected root canals

Answer 5

gram (-) bacilli Strict anaerobes P. intermedia associated with periodontitis and endodontic infections Major flora in dental plaque

Answer 6

Campylobacter rectus Treponema

Answer 7

strict anaerobe and is often found in sites of periodontal disease agent of chronic periodontal disease

Answer 8

Strict anaerobes spirochete T.denticola: associated with progression of periodontal diseases increase in number in advanced periodontal disease

Answer 9

Tannerella forsythia

Answer 10

gram (-) anaerobe inhabits subgingival cavity initiates connective tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption in periodontal disease

Answer 11

Constitute the largest fraction of fungi in the mouth prevalence of candida in asymptomatic adults is 2-71% and 100% in immunocompromised individuals and those on broad-spectrum antibiotics Most common site is dorsum of the tongue Use of dentures and orthodontic appliances increases the incidence Candida albicans: most common species

Answer 12

Herpes simplex virus type 1 Coxsackievirus Human papillomavirus types 2,4,6,11 and 16 Hepatitis B and HIV

Answer 13

Most frequently found in saliva and orofacial region cause of cold sores, which occur when the latent virus in the trigeminal nerve is activated by stress or ultraviolet light

Answer 14

detected in saliva and oral epithelium

Answer 15

Trichomonas tenax and entamoeba gingivalis found in frequently in oral cavity only 2% of healthy population carries T. tenax but increases to 21% in patients with periodontal disease

Answer 16

salivary flow rate: can be affected by medications diet tobacco use integrity of the immune system

Answer 17

Mucosal surface teeth saliva gingival crevicular fluid

Answer 18

Has papillary structures that provide a niche for bacteria that would otherwise be removed by salivary flow Environment suitable for gram (-), obligately anaerobic bacteria that are involved in periodontal disease and malodor (halitosis)

Answer 19

Constitute a non-shedding surface for bacterial colonization Bacteria and their polysaccharide products accumulate on tooth surface to produce dental plaque, which is generated both in health and in disease More present in pits and fissures Subgingival surfaces are in a more anaerobic environment that supragingival surfaces

Answer 20

Can clear potentially damaging acids produced by plaque bacteria after metabolizing carbohydrates saliva buffers the pH between 6.75 and 7.25

Answer 21

generate the acquired pellicle on tooth surfaces provide nutrients for normal oral microflora Aggregate microorganisms to facilitate their removal by swallowing Inhibit the growth of exogenous microoganisms

Answer 22

Can remove non-adherent bacteria, introduce igG and neutrophils, and provide peptides and carbohydrates that bacteria can use for their metabolism The pH increases in the presence of gingivitis and periodontitis, providing a favorable environment for periodontopathogens such as p. gingivalis and P. intermedia

Answer 23

Prosthodontic and orthodontic appliances may act as reservoirs for bacteria and yeasts one of the causes of candida-associated denture stomatitis is poor denture hygiene