Antibiotics and Vaccines Flashcards
Narrow-spectrum
antibiotics act against a limited group of bacteria
broad-spectrum
antibiotics act against a larger group of bacteria
What are the pros to narrow-spectrum antibiotics
does not affect normal microflora
cause less antibiotic resistance
What are the cons to narrow- spectrum antibiotics
highly specific
if the pathogen is not accurately identified, then the drug will not work
broad-spectrum antibiotics pros
no need to identify the infectious pathogen
broad-spectrum antibiotics cons
can increase drug resistance
can affect the normal microflora of the body
What minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
the ability of a drug to kill a bacterium
What is minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
lowest concentration of a drug that is able to inhibit microbial growth during incubation period
Side effects of antibiotics
harming oral microbiome flora: allows outgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, gi issues, toxicity
resistance
allergy
How can resistance occur
bacteria can limit their permeability
alter the molecular targets of the antibiotics
inactivate the antibiotics
When do you use antibiotics in dentistry
premedication
abscess: periapical infection
antimicrobials in periodontal therapy
Antimicrobials in periodontal therapy
oral rinses with antimicrobial agents
arestin
laser therapy
systemic delivery methods
What does chlorhexidine inhibit
inhibits plaque formation and prevents development of gingivitis
Pathway of systemic antibiotics treating periodontitis
Travel from bloodstream to the peridontal tissues —-> reach the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) –> kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria
Is there an abundance of antiviral drugs
No, not a whole lot of drugs because it is difficult to target viral replication
what is herd immunity
vaccines help the person and the people around them
Types of vaccines
Attenuated vaccines
inactivated vaccines
What are some characteristics of vaccines
live, weakened microbial vaccine
Induces responses: innate, humoral, cell-mediated
Inactivated vaccines
inactivated or killed bacteria, toxoids, proteins, or polysaccharides
disadvantages to inactivated vaccines
induced immunity is usually just humoral and not long last
A local igA response is not elicited
Booster shots are required
What are subunit vaccines
contain molecular components of bacteria or viruses
What is antiviral
stops virus without harming the host cell: attacks specific protein needed by the virus
What is active immunization
cell wall associated antigens and extracellular enzymes
What is passive immunization
transgenic plants producing dimeric monoclonal antibodies specific for mutans antigens
