Control Methodologies for Sterilization and Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

What is sterilization

A

Total destruction of all microbes, including bacterial spores, mycobacteria, naked capsid, viruses, and fungi

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2
Q

How is sterilization achieved?

A

Achieved by dry or wet head, certain gases, and certain chemicals

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3
Q

What is autoclaving

A

use of moist high heat for at least 15 minutes

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4
Q

Rate of killing organisms is affected by

A

size of autoclave
temperature and time
steam flow rate
location of material in the chamber
density and size of load

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5
Q

How do you do a routine check of autoclave

A

spore test

error in sterilization process= spores germinate and grow

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6
Q

What is dry heat treatment

A

exposure to 160 degrees for 2 hours or 1 hour

ultraviolent radiation sterilizes by damaging DNA

Ionizing radiation sterilizes by knocking off electrons from biomolecues

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7
Q

What factors affect antimicrobiral activity

A

population size (load)
population composition

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8
Q

True/false: Larger microbial populations take faster to kill than smaller populations

A

FALSE: larger population take longer to kill than smaller populations

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9
Q

True/false: microorganisms differ markedly in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents

A

true

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10
Q

What is a vegetative cell

A

active form of bacterial cells

metabolically active but NOT undergoing cell division

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11
Q

What is a endospore

A

form form of a cell

Allows for survival of adverse conditions but does not allow the cell to grow or reproduce

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12
Q

Does germicide kill endospore

A

Germicide kills pathogens and many nonpathogens but not necessarily endospores

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13
Q

What is germicide effective against

A

bactercides, sporicide, fungicides, algicides, and viricides

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14
Q

bacteriostatic and fungistatic agents

A

inhibits growth

not as harmful to microbes as -cides

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15
Q

what does bacteriostatic solution do

A

prevent the growth of bacteria on tissues or on objects in the environment

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16
Q

What is disinfection

A

use of physical or chemical methods to destroy MOST microorganisms

17
Q

levels of disinfection

A

High
Intermediate
Low

18
Q

What is high-level disinfection

A

usually emulates efficiency of sterilization

19
Q

What is intermediate-level disinfection

A

bacterial spores can survive

used to clean surfaces or instruments under conditions where contamination with bacterial spores is not likely

20
Q

Low- level disinfection

A

kills most vegetative bacteria and lipid-enveloped viruses

21
Q

What is low-level disinfection used for

A

disinfect noncritical instruments including stethoscopes

22
Q

Mechanisms of harm of disinfections

A

protein denaturation
membrane disruption
nucleic acid damage
inhibition of metabolism
DNA interference

23
Q

What are phenols and phenolics

A

denature proteins and disrupt lipidic membranes

not effective against spores at room temp and has poor activity against naked capsid viruses

24
Q

What are phenolic compounds active against

A

myobacteria

25
Chlorhexidine
used as a hand and skin antiseptic broad spectrum of action: binds to tissues and has persistent antibacterial activity
26
what does chlorhexidine reduce
gingival inflammation, plaque, and bleeding
27
What does chlorhexidine inhibit
sugar transport in streptococci amino acid uptake and catabolism in S. sanguinis P. gingivalis protease Membrane functions, including ATP synthase and maintenance of ion gradients in streptococci binding of plaque-forming bacteria