Normal newborn

Question 1

• define term?
• define post term?
• normal weight?

Answer 1

• 37 weeks
• 41 weeks
• 2.5-4Kg

Question 2

name the changes that occur in a baby directly after birth?

-how is a newborn assessed?

Answer 2

-First breath
leads to alveolar expansion and decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
change form foetal to newborn circulation increased PaO2

-Apgar score

Question 3

Apgar score

• areas assessed?
• out of how many?
• what is normal?

Answer 3

-Activity (muscle tone)
Pulse 
Grimace (reflex irritability)
Appearance (Skin colour)
Respiration 

• 10
• 8/10 or greater

Question 4

Steps taken after delivery?

Answer 4

Keep baby warm
Skin to skin contact
encourage breast feeding

Question 5

Haemolytic disease of the newborn

• why does it occur?
• what is given at birth to promote haemostasis?

Answer 5

a condition which results from transplacental passage of maternal antibodies which cause immune haemolysis of fetal/neonatal red blood cells.

-Vitamin K

Question 6

what infections are screened for in the newborn?

Answer 6

Hep B
Hep C
HIV
TB
Group B strep
Syphilis
Gonococcus

Question 7

vaccination

• at birth?
• first month?
• 8 weeks?
• mum?

Answer 7

• Hep B at birth
• BCG first month
• Routine vaccinations

whooping cough and vaccines

Question 8

What conditions are screened for?

Answer 8

hip screening
CF
Thyroid
MCCAD
PKU
Haemoglobinopathies

Question 9

Newborn examination

• Head? (7)
• eyes? (4)
• ears? (4)
• mouth? (7)
• face? (2)
• respiratory? (6)
• CV? (5)
• abdominal? (5)
• genitourinary? (4)
• MSK? (6)
• Neurological? (4)
• skin? (4)

Answer 9

-occipitofrontal circumference
moulding
Overlapping sutures
Fontanelles
Cephalohaematoma 
Caput succedaneum 
ventouse/forceps marks

-Size
Red reflex
Conjunctival haemorrhage
Squints- frequent

-Position
External auditory canal
Fam hx hearing loss
Tags/pits

-shape
Philtrum
Tongue tie
Palate 
Neonatal teeth 
Ebsteins pearls
Sucking/rooting reflex 

-Facial palsy
Dysmorphism

-chest shape
Nasal flaring
Grunting 
Tachypnoea
In-drawing
Breath sounds 

-Colour
Saturation 
Pulses
Apex/thrills
Heart sounds 

-Moves with respiration
Distension
Bile stained vomit (RED FLAG)
Passage of meconium 
Anus

-Normal passage of urine
Normal genitalia
undescended testes
Hypospadias

-Limbs & digits
Movement
Contractures 
Spine 
Sacral dimples 
Hip examination (Ortolani/Barlow)

-Posture
Tone
Movement
Reflexes (Moro)

• Dryness/ cracking
  Milia
  Birth marks
  Erythema toxicum