Menopause Flashcards
1
Q
Define:
- early menopause?
- late Menopause?
- premature menopause?
- average age of menopause?
- Climacteric
A
- <45 yrs
- < 40 yrs
- > 54 yrs
- 51 yrs old
- period prior to the menopause
2
Q
How is menopause diagnosed? (3)
A
symptoms
Pattern of periods
Blood tests
3
Q
Physical symptoms of menopause? (6)
A
hot flushes night sweats palpitations Insomnia Joint aches Headaches
4
Q
Hot flushes
- triggers? (4)
- last for how long?
- can carry on for how long?
- impact?
A
- temp change, hot meals, anxiety, nothing
- 3-5 mins
- avg 2 years, cab be up to 15
- ability to concentrate
5
Q
Psychological impact? (5)
-effect on sex life?
A
Mood swings irritability Anxiety Difficulty Concentrating Forgetfulness
-vaginal dryness
Libido
6
Q
premenopausal DUB
- when does this occur?
- Red flag?
A
Irregular periods
IMB
PMB
-PMB 1 yr after last period then think endometrial cancer
7
Q
later symptoms?
A
Frequency recurrent UTI Dysuria incontinence dry hair and skin atrophy of breast and genitals
8
Q
Conservative management? (5)
A
-diet weight loss Exercise Lifestyle Caffeine (reduce)
9
Q
give 6 methods of managing menorrhagia?
A
Mefenamic acid Tranexamic acid progesterones Intra-uterine system Endometrial ablation Hysterectomy
10
Q
Hormone replacement therapy
- consists of what?
- administration?
- benefits? (6)
- risks? (5)
A
- eostrogen and progesterone (only give oestrogen alone if they have had a hysterectomy)
- topical or oral
-symptoms control QOL good reduced osteoporotic fracture reduced bowel cancer ?protective against alzheimers & parkinsons fewer risks if less than 10 yrs
-VTE CVA Breast cancer Gallbladder disease greater risk of harm if on for > 20 yrs
11
Q
Alternatives to HRT?
A
Clonidine (reduces vasometer symptoms) SSRIs (vasometer and psychological) Regelle, Yes, Sylk (vaginal lubricants without hormone)
