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Child Health > Normal Child Development > Flashcards

Normal Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main areas for child development?

A
  1. Gross motor skills
  2. Vision and fine motor skills
  3. Hearing, speech and language
  4. Social, emotional and behavioural
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2
Q

Birth reflexes typically disappear around which age?

A

4-6 months

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3
Q

How is the Moro reflex tested and what is its response?

A

Test - Sudden neck extension

Response - Extension and then flexion of limbs

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4
Q

How is the grasp reflex tested and what is the response?

A

Test - Place object in palm of hand

Response - Object firmly gripped by flexing fingers

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5
Q

How is the rooting reflex tested and what is the response?

A

Test - stimulus placed near edge of mouth

Response - head turns towards stimulus

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6
Q

How is the placing/steeping reflex tested and what is the response?

A

Test - Baby held in upright position and feet gently toughed against a stimuli

Response - Feet should lift as if stepping, one followed by another

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7
Q

How is the supporting reflex tested and what is the response?

A

Test - Baby held upright and rested on their feet

Response - Baby should extend legs in attempt to support their own weight

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8
Q

How is the atonic neck reflex (ATNR) tested and what is the response?

A

Test - Baby is laid on back and head is turned to one side

Response - Baby should outstretch arms to the side of the head turn

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9
Q

What is the “Limit age”?

A

An age at which 97.5% of children should have achieved a particular task. It is defined as two standard deviations away from the mean

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10
Q

What is the “Median age”?

A

An age at which 50% of children will have reached a specific milestone

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11
Q

How are the median and limit ages adequately adjusted for preterm babies?

A

Milestones are measured form the expected and not actual birth date

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12
Q

How is global developmental delay defined?

A

Impaired development in all four fields

  1. Gross motor skills
  2. Vision and fine motor skills
  3. Hearing, speech and language
  4. Social, emotional and behavioural
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13
Q

How is specific developmental delay defined?

A

Impaired development in only one of the four areas

  1. Gross motor skills
  2. Vision and fine motor skills
  3. Hearing, speech and language
  4. Social, emotional and behavioural
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14
Q

In terms of cognitive development, what are the thought processes in the ollowing age groups called?

a) Pre-school
b) Primary school
c) Adolescence

A

a) Pre-operational
b) Operational
c) Formal operational

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15
Q

Development of which skill is a good predictor of further problems?

A

Language

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16
Q

In which direction does child development occur in?

A

Cephalocaudal

17
Q

Which factors influence normal development?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Nutritional
  3. Environmental
18
Q

What are the key gross motor skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 3 months
b) 6 months

A

a) 3 months - Head control
b) 6 months - Sitting balance

19
Q

What are the key gross motor skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 9 months
b) 12 months

A

a) 9 months - Crawling
b) 12 months - Standing

20
Q

What are the key gross motor skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 18 months
b) 24 months

A

a) 18 months - Running
b) 24 months - Stairs (2 feet per tread)

21
Q

What are the key gross motor skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 36 months
b) 48 months

A

a) 36 months - Stairs (alternate feet)
b) 48 months - Hops

22
Q

What are the key fine motor and vision skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 3 months
b) 6 months

A

a) 3 months - Hand regard in midline
b) 6 months - Grasps toys (palmar grasp)

23
Q

What are the key fine motor and vision skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 9 months
b) 12 months

A

a) 9 months - Scissor grasp
b) 12 months - Pincer grasp

24
Q

What are the key fine motor and vision skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 18 months
b) 24 months

A

a) 18 months - Tower of 3-4 bricks
b) 24 months - Tower of 6-7 bricks/scribbling

25
Q

What are the key fine motor and vision skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 36 months
b) 48 months

A

a) 36 months - Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle
b) 48 months - Draws simple man

26
Q

What are the key hearing and language skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 3 months
b) 6 months

A

a) 3 months - Vocalises and coos
b) 6 months - Babbles

27
Q

What are the key hearing and language skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 9 months
b) 12 months

A

a) 9 months - Polysyllabic babble, imitates sounds
b) 12 months - Knows and responds to name, jargons vowels and consonants

28
Q

What are the key hearing and language skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 18 months
b) 24 months

A

a) 18 months - 5-20 words, points to body parts
b) 24 months - 50+ words, understands simple instructions, talks to self

29
Q

What are the key hearing and language skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 36 months
b) 48 months

A

a) 36 months - Knows name and gender, asks many questions, carries simple conversation
b) 48 months - Recounts past experiences, sentences of 5+ wrods, counts to 20

30
Q

What are the key social behaviour and play skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 6 weeks
b) 3 months

A

a) 6 weeks - Social smile
b) 3 months - Pleasure on friendly handling

31
Q

What are the key social behaviour and play skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 6 months
b) 9 months

A

a) 6 months - Plays with feet/friendly with strangers
b) 9 months - Plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness

32
Q

What are the key social behaviour and play skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 12 months
b) 18 months
c) 24 months

A

a) 12 months - Drinks from cup/waves bye-bye
b) 18 months - Feeds with spoon
c) 24 months - Symbolic play/puts on some clothes alone

33
Q

What are the key social behaviour and play skills which develop by the following ages?

a) 36 months
b) 48 months

A

a) 36 months - Pretend interactive play/toilet trained
b) 48 months - Understands turn-taking/dresses fully

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