Normal Child Development Flashcards
What are the four main areas for child development?
- Gross motor skills
- Vision and fine motor skills
- Hearing, speech and language
- Social, emotional and behavioural
Birth reflexes typically disappear around which age?
4-6 months
How is the Moro reflex tested and what is its response?
Test - Sudden neck extension
Response - Extension and then flexion of limbs
How is the grasp reflex tested and what is the response?
Test - Place object in palm of hand
Response - Object firmly gripped by flexing fingers
How is the rooting reflex tested and what is the response?
Test - stimulus placed near edge of mouth
Response - head turns towards stimulus
How is the placing/steeping reflex tested and what is the response?
Test - Baby held in upright position and feet gently toughed against a stimuli
Response - Feet should lift as if stepping, one followed by another
How is the supporting reflex tested and what is the response?
Test - Baby held upright and rested on their feet
Response - Baby should extend legs in attempt to support their own weight
How is the atonic neck reflex (ATNR) tested and what is the response?
Test - Baby is laid on back and head is turned to one side
Response - Baby should outstretch arms to the side of the head turn
What is the “Limit age”?
An age at which 97.5% of children should have achieved a particular task. It is defined as two standard deviations away from the mean
What is the “Median age”?
An age at which 50% of children will have reached a specific milestone
How are the median and limit ages adequately adjusted for preterm babies?
Milestones are measured form the expected and not actual birth date
How is global developmental delay defined?
Impaired development in all four fields
- Gross motor skills
- Vision and fine motor skills
- Hearing, speech and language
- Social, emotional and behavioural
How is specific developmental delay defined?
Impaired development in only one of the four areas
- Gross motor skills
- Vision and fine motor skills
- Hearing, speech and language
- Social, emotional and behavioural
In terms of cognitive development, what are the thought processes in the ollowing age groups called?
a) Pre-school
b) Primary school
c) Adolescence
a) Pre-operational
b) Operational
c) Formal operational
Development of which skill is a good predictor of further problems?
Language
In which direction does child development occur in?
Cephalocaudal
Which factors influence normal development?
- Genetics
- Nutritional
- Environmental
What are the key gross motor skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 3 months
b) 6 months
a) 3 months - Head control
b) 6 months - Sitting balance
What are the key gross motor skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 9 months
b) 12 months
a) 9 months - Crawling
b) 12 months - Standing
What are the key gross motor skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 18 months
b) 24 months
a) 18 months - Running
b) 24 months - Stairs (2 feet per tread)
What are the key gross motor skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 36 months
b) 48 months
a) 36 months - Stairs (alternate feet)
b) 48 months - Hops
What are the key fine motor and vision skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 3 months
b) 6 months
a) 3 months - Hand regard in midline
b) 6 months - Grasps toys (palmar grasp)
What are the key fine motor and vision skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 9 months
b) 12 months
a) 9 months - Scissor grasp
b) 12 months - Pincer grasp
What are the key fine motor and vision skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 18 months
b) 24 months
a) 18 months - Tower of 3-4 bricks
b) 24 months - Tower of 6-7 bricks/scribbling
What are the key fine motor and vision skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 36 months
b) 48 months
a) 36 months - Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle
b) 48 months - Draws simple man
What are the key hearing and language skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 3 months
b) 6 months
a) 3 months - Vocalises and coos
b) 6 months - Babbles
What are the key hearing and language skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 9 months
b) 12 months
a) 9 months - Polysyllabic babble, imitates sounds
b) 12 months - Knows and responds to name, jargons vowels and consonants
What are the key hearing and language skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 18 months
b) 24 months
a) 18 months - 5-20 words, points to body parts
b) 24 months - 50+ words, understands simple instructions, talks to self
What are the key hearing and language skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 36 months
b) 48 months
a) 36 months - Knows name and gender, asks many questions, carries simple conversation
b) 48 months - Recounts past experiences, sentences of 5+ wrods, counts to 20
What are the key social behaviour and play skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 6 weeks
b) 3 months
a) 6 weeks - Social smile
b) 3 months - Pleasure on friendly handling
What are the key social behaviour and play skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 6 months
b) 9 months
a) 6 months - Plays with feet/friendly with strangers
b) 9 months - Plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness
What are the key social behaviour and play skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 12 months
b) 18 months
c) 24 months
a) 12 months - Drinks from cup/waves bye-bye
b) 18 months - Feeds with spoon
c) 24 months - Symbolic play/puts on some clothes alone
What are the key social behaviour and play skills which develop by the following ages?
a) 36 months
b) 48 months
a) 36 months - Pretend interactive play/toilet trained
b) 48 months - Understands turn-taking/dresses fully
