Global Child Health Flashcards
What are the top 5 causes of infant mortality worldwide?
- Preterm birth complications
- Pneumonia
- Intrapartum related (during labour)
- Diarrhoea
- Neonatal sepsis
What are the top 3 causes of infant mortality in Africa?
- Diarrhoea
- Pneumonia
- Malaria
What are the main causes of pneumonia in infants and young children?
- Steptococcus pneumonia
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Pneumocystis jiroveci
What are the main 4 risk factors for developing pneumonia in children?
- Parental smoking
- Overcrowding
- Indoor air pollution
- Malnutrition
How can dehydration induced by diarrhoea be treated?
Oral rehydration (with oral rehydration salts)
Zinc supplements (improves water and nutrient uptake)
How can HIV be passed from the mother to a child?
- In pregnancy
- During delivery
- Breastfeeding
In order to limit risk of passing on HIV to a child, how should the mother be treated in pregnancy?
Antiretroviral treatment
What is the diagnostic test for HIV in a child < 18 months old?
Virological PCR for HIV DNA/RNA
What is the diagnostic test for HIV in a child > 18 months old?
Serological rapid antibody testing
What is the treatment for all children with HIV?
Two NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) plus one NNRTI (Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) (if > 3yrs) or protease inhibitor (< 3 yrs)
How can Tb be investigated?
- Acid fast bacilli test
- INF gamma release assays
- CXR
- Mantoux
How can Tb be prevented?
- BCG immunisation
- Pre and postexposure isoniazid
What is the vector for malaria?
Female anopheles mosquito (carries plasmodium parasite)
What is the treatment for childhood malaria?
- Artemisinin based combination (3 days)
- Artesunate (if severe)
