GP Paediatrics Flashcards
Give an overview of the aspects of a paediatric GP history
- History of symptom
- Red flags
- Eating/drinking
- Bowels/urine
- PMH
- Medications/allergies
- FH
- Immunisation history
- Parental concerns
In the neonatal period (up to 4 weeks) jaundice is a fairly common presentation. What may cause this?
- UTI
- Hypothyroidism
- Galactosaemia
- Breast milk jaundice
- Biliary atresia
What is galactosaemia?
Normally an autosomal recessive genetic metabolic disorder caused by a mutation in the GALT enzyme that affects an individual’s ability to metabolize the sugar galactose properly
Without the GALT enzyme, levels of galactose-1-phosphate rise. What are the main negative effects of this?
- Kidney failure
- Enlarged liver
- Cataracts
- Brain damage
Projectile vomiting in the neonatal period is indicative of what?
Pyloric stenosis
(doesn’t usually occur past 6 months)
What are some of the main causes for vomiting in the neonatal period?
- Reflux
- CMP (cows’ milk protein) intolerance
- Pyloric stenosis
- Sepsis
- Duodenal atresia
What is duodenal atresia?
Congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum
Associated with:
- Polyhydramnios - Increased levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy
- Intestinal obstruction in newborn babies often causing vomiting
What is biliary atresia?
An inherited or acquired childhood disease where the bile ducts in the liver are absent, grow abnormally or become blocked
When would jaundice be classed as prolonged?
- 14 days in term infants
- 21 days in preterm infants
What are the most common paediatric respiratory problems which present to the GP?
- Bronchiolitis
- Croup
- Viral URTI
- Asthma
- Acute tonsillitis
What is bronchiolitis?
A childhood disease involving inflammation of the bronchioles
Usually caused by viral infection, mots commonly by RSV but also by metapneumovirus, adenovirus or rhinovirus
How may sepsis present in a young child?
- Not really eating or drinking
- Fever
- Reduced urination
- Lethargic
- Tachypnoea
- Tachycardia
What is intussusception?
A process in which a segment of intestine invaginates into the adjoining intestinal lumen, causing bowel obstruction
