NORMAL CHANGES (1)

Question 1

what are the uterine changes that happens during pregnancy?

Answer 1

• length : 6.5cm-32cm
• depth : 2.5-22cm
• width : 4cm-24cm
• weight : 50g-1000g

Question 2

at early pregnancy, what is the size of the uterine wall?

Answer 2

1-2cm

Question 3

at the end of pregnancy, what is the size of the uterine wall?

Answer 3

0.5cm

Question 4

blood flow of the uterus increases because of what hormone?

Answer 4

progesterone

Question 5

this sign refers to the softening of the lower uterine segment

Answer 5

hegar’s sign

Question 6

amenorrhea occurs due to the suppression of what?

Answer 6

FSH by rising estrogen levels

Question 7

this sign refers to the softening of the cervix

Answer 7

goodell’s sign

Question 8

what increases between cells that causes the cervix to soften in consistency?

Answer 8

increased fluid

Question 9

what causes the cervix to darken from a pink to violet hue?

Answer 9

increased vascularity

Question 10

this is the mucus plug that seals out bacteria and help prevent infection in the fetus and membranes

Answer 10

operculum

Question 11

this sign refers to the discoloration of the vaginal walls from light pink to deep violet due to increased circulation

Answer 11

chadwick’s sign

Question 12

ph levels of the vagina falls from? which helps the vagina be resistant to what?

Answer 12

• 4 or 5
• bacterial invasion

Question 13

prolactin is for milk what?

Answer 13

production

Question 14

oxytocin is for milk what?

Answer 14

ejection

Question 15

lactation is defined as?

Answer 15

production and secretion of milk by maternal mammary glands following birth

Question 16

prolactin is responsible for?

Answer 16

development of the mammary glands and production of milk

Question 17

what is secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to release of PRH?

Answer 17

prolactin

Question 18

it is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by neurosecretory cells that extend into the posterior pituitary

Answer 18

oxytocin

Question 19

marked congestion or stuffiness during pregnancy is due to?

Answer 19

increase in estrogen

Question 20

what changes occur to the thyroid glands of a pregnant woman?

Answer 20

increased levels of hormones that increase the basal metabolic rate by 20%

Question 21

what changes occur to the adrenal gland of a pregnant woman?

Answer 21

increases levels of corticosteroids, aldosterone inhibit immune response preventing rejection of fetus

Question 22

what changes occur to the pancreas of a pregnant woman?

Answer 22

increased insulin production, but is less effective due to estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones that are antagonists to insulin

Question 23

what percentage does the total cardiac volume increase in a pregnant woman?

Answer 23

30-50%

Question 24

what is physiologic anemia of pregnancy?

Answer 24

occurs when fetus is growing too fast, so the body breaks down RBC too quickly resulting to anemia.

Question 25

the heart is displaced ____ due to the effect of elevated diaphragm

Answer 25

displaced upward

Question 26

this refers to the potential bleeding from routine hygienic practices

Answer 26

hyperemia in the gums

Question 27

• glomerular filtration rate ——
• BUN and plasma creatinine——-
• renal threshold for sugar ———

Answer 27

• increases
• decreases
• decreases

Question 28

dilation of ureters and renal pelvis allows for ?? which puts gravid women at an increased risk for ??

Answer 28

• bacterial ascension
• pyelonephritis

Question 29

what are the changes that occur with the muscular system of a pregnant woman?

Answer 29

• calcium and phosphorus needs are increased
• gradual softening of the pelvic ligaments
• wide separation of the symphysis pubis

Question 30

what are the changes that occur with the immune system of a pregnant woman?

Answer 30

• igG production decreases
• WBC simultaneously increases

Question 31

what is the recommended average weight gain in pregnancy?

Answer 31

11.3 to 15.8kg (25 to 35 lb)

Question 32

sudden increase in weight of a pregnant woman suggests what?

Answer 32

fluid retention or polyhyradmnios