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Echo Boards Review > normal cardiac anatomy > Flashcards

normal cardiac anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

normal PAP (pulmonary artery pressure)

A

15-25 mmHg

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2
Q

normal aorta pressure

A

120/80

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3
Q

normal lv systolic pressure

A

<120

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4
Q

normal diastolic lv pressure

A

3-12

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5
Q

normal RA pressure

A

2-8 mmHg

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6
Q

normal rv pressure

A

2-8 mmhg

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7
Q

normal rv systolic pressure

A

15-25

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8
Q

what is the outer layer of the pericardium called

A

fibrous pericardium

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9
Q

what is the inner layer of the pericardium called

A

serous pericardium

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10
Q

heart wall most outer layer

A

epicardium

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11
Q

muscle layer of the heart is called

A

myocardium also the center layer

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12
Q

most inner layer of the heart wall

A

endocardium

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13
Q

tricuspid valve leaftlets

A

medial
posterior
anterior

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14
Q

mitral valve leaflets

A

anterior
posterior

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15
Q

pulmonic valve leaflets

A

right and left posterior
anterior

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16
Q

aortic valve leaflets

A

non/left/right coronary cusp

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17
Q

normal ivc diastolic diameter

A

1.2 - 2.1 cm

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18
Q

normal TV orifice

A

7-9 cm2

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19
Q

normal PV orifice

A

<2.0 cm2

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20
Q

what are the 4 pulmonary veins

A

right upper and lower
left upper and lower

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21
Q

normal LA pressure

A

2-12 mmhg

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22
Q

normal MV orifice

A

4-6 cm2

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23
Q

normal AV orifice

A

<2 cm

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24
Q

the left coronary artery branches into…

A

left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery

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25
Q

the LAD or left anterior descending arter supplies blood to what wall

A

septal, anterior, apex walls

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26
Q

the circumflex artery supplies blood too

A

the posterior wall and the atria

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27
Q

the right coronary artery branches off too

A

the acute marginal artery and posterior descending artery

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28
Q

the AM or Acute marginal artery supplies blood too..

A

the right ventricle

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29
Q

the PDA or posterior descending artery supplies blood too

A

the inferior portion of the heart

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30
Q

3 branches off the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic
left subclavian
left common carotid

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31
Q

where is the aorta isthmus

A

area between the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum

32
Q

what is the isovolumic contraction time

A

PREcedes systole all 4 valves are closed

33
Q

what is isovolumic relaxation time

A

immediately precedes diastole
all valves are closed

34
Q

normal heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

35
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected with each heart beat
SV=EDV-ESV

36
Q

cardiac output

A

volume of blood the LV pumps out each minute
CO=SVxHR

37
Q

cardiac index

A

cardiac output with body surface area accounted for
CI=CO/BSA

38
Q

preload

A

the volume in the heart at the end of diastole

39
Q

frank starling law

A

the more blood that enters the ventricle during diastole the greater the force of contraction
or increased myocardial fiber length means increased tension

40
Q

interval strength relationship

A

the longer the interval between heartbeats the stronger the contraction to eject blood

41
Q

afterload

A

the resistance the heart must pump against

42
Q

inotropic force

A

contractility of the heart muscle of the force

43
Q

chronotropic

A

rate of the contraction or HR

44
Q

heart conduction pathway

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. bundle of his
  4. left and right bundle branhes
  5. purkinjie fibers
45
Q

what is repolarization

A

myocardial relaxation

46
Q

Normal blood pressure

47
Q

The coronary sinus empties into..

A

The right atrium

48
Q

Where is the thebesian valve located

A

Between the coronary sinus and the right atrium

49
Q

Eustachian valve

A

Normal embryonic remnant at the junction of the infeior vena cava and RA

50
Q

The chiari network

A

Normal embryonic remnant
Web like structure that appears as a mobile, thin membrane in the RA near IVC

51
Q

The RA appendage

A

From embryonic RA
Pouch like extension off the RA broad and triangular

52
Q

Normal PA pressure in end diastole

53
Q

identify the anterior and posterior TV leaflets

A
  1. posterior
  2. anterior
54
Q

identify the right coronary cusp and non coronary cusp

55
Q

identify the AMVL and PMVL

56
Q

identify the right post PV leaflet and left posterior PV leaflet

A
  1. right posterior
  2. left posterior
57
Q

identify the RCC, LCC, NCC

A
  1. RCC
  2. LCC
  3. NCC
58
Q

indentify septal TV, Ant TV leaflets
AMVL and PMVL

A
  1. anterior TV cusp
  2. septal TV cusp
  3. AMVL
  4. PMVL
59
Q

The posteriomedial pap is supplied by which coronary artery

60
Q

Normal fractional shortening

61
Q

great cardiac vein drains

A

the anterior myocardium

62
Q

the middle cardiac vein drains

A

the posterior myocardium

63
Q

the left cardiac vein drains

A

the posterior surface of the LV

64
Q

anterior cardiac vein drains

A

the right atrium and the anterior portion of the RV

65
Q

Normal tapse

66
Q

Ef equation

A

Lvidv-lvisv/lvidv
X100

67
Q

When is the lvot measured

A

Mid systole

68
Q

When is the sinotubular junction, sinus of valsalva, and ao root

A

End diastole

69
Q

Normal sinus of valsalva

70
Q

Normal sino tubular junction

A

2.6 to 2.9 cm

71
Q

Normal dp/dt

72
Q

Normal stroke volume range

73
Q

Normal co range

74
Q

Normal mv peak velocity

75
Q

Normal tv peak velocity

76
Q

Pv normal peak velocity

Echo Boards Review (17 decks)

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