valvular heart diseases Flashcards
what kind of murmur is MS
low pitched diastolic rumble
cause of MS
rheumatic fever
MAC
MV atresia
secondary to a mass
prosthetic valve
radiation
chain reaction due to MS
1.increase LA pressure
2. MV leaflet doming
3. LAE
4. back up into the pulmonary veins
signs and symptoms of MS
- dyspnea
- RHF
- dizziness
- chest pain
- murmur
- SOB
- swollen feet/legs
what do you see on echo with MS
doming of the leaflets
MS thickening
decreased MV area
anterior motion of the MV
LAE
m mode of MS
absent A wave
decreased amplitude of E wave
decreased e-f slope
chronic MS with pulmonary hypertension on echo
increased right sided pressure causing septum flattening
parallel wall motion
small d shaped left ventricle in systole and diastole
m mode of the PV with pulmonary hypertension
“flying w”
mild MS area
> 1.5
severe MS area
<1.0
Mild MS PHT
90-150
severe MS PHT
> 220
severe mean PG MS
> 10
MVA area equation using PHT
220/PHT
what 3 ways can MVA be aquired
PHT
deceleration time
pisa
Deceleration time method of calculating MVA equation
MVA=758/dt
what kind of murmur is MR
holosystolic murmur
radiates to axilla
causes of MR
rheumatic heart
flail leaflets
annulus dilatation
MAC
chordae rupture
endocarditis
signs of MR
dyspnea
fatigue
irregular rhytms
SOB when flat
palps
how can MR effect the AOV
PARTIAL MID SYSTOLIC CLOSURE notching on m mode due to a sudden decrease in the amount of volume leaving the LV
how to acquire the PISA radius
4C
shift CFD baseline down to 20-40cm/s
acquire the peak
MR volume equation
EROA x VTI
EROA equation
severe MR volume
> 60
severe EROA
> .40
pulmonary vein assesment with severe MR
reversed S increased D wave
What defect is associated w/ bicuspid av
Coarctation
