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Echo Boards Review > congenital heart diseases > Flashcards

congenital heart diseases Flashcards

1
Q

where is the ostium primum ASD

A

inferior portion of the IAS

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2
Q

how is an ostium primum asd formed

A

when the septum primum fails to fuse with the endocardial cushion during septation

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3
Q

associated anomalies with the ostium primum ASD

A

malformed mitral valve

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4
Q

what is ostium secundum ASD

A

mid portion of the IAS

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5
Q

what is the most common ASD

A

ostium secundum

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6
Q

sinus venosus asd

A

near the SVC superior portion of the IAS

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7
Q

what anomalies are associated with sinus venosus asd

A

partial pulmonary venous return (PV’s do not return to the LA)

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8
Q

where is a coronary sinus ASD

A

inferior portion of IAS close to coronary sinus

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9
Q

common atria

A

absence of near absence of the IAS

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10
Q

normal Qp/Qs ratio is

A

1/1 or 1

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11
Q

a small shunt ratio

A

1.5/1

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12
Q

a moderate shunt ratio

A

2/1

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13
Q

a large shunt ratio

A

> 2/1

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14
Q

what is the ratio when a shunt is RIGHT TO LEFT

A

less than 1

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15
Q

the shunts direction depends on what ?

A

the PVR and SVR
or
pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance

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16
Q

when a shunt becomes right to left that is called

A

eisenmengers syndrome

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17
Q

eisenmengers syndrome can lead too

A

cyanosis

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18
Q

how to calculate the shunt ratio

A
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19
Q

CSA used to calculate the shunt ratio

A

.785

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20
Q

FVI is

A

the VTI
the distance the blood travels with each stroke

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21
Q

inlet VSD is

A

by the MV and TV
associated w/ atrioventricular septal defect

22
Q

muscular or trabecular VSD location

A

usually low on the septal wall, in the thicker more muscular portion close to the apex

23
Q

a muscular VSD gives the appearance of what

A

swiss cheese

24
Q

outlet VSD location

A

between LVOT and RVOT

25
Q

the outlet VSD is associated w/

A

AV prolapse and AI

26
Q

membranous/perimembranous vsd location ..

A

bordered by TV and AOV
high in the septal wall in the thinner, more flexible portion of the septum

27
Q

mal-alignment of the septum vsd

A

2 portions of the IVS have failed to align properly during development

28
Q

carcinoid disease echo findings

A
  1. fixed and rigid TV
  2. TR
  3. PI
  4. right heart failure
29
Q

vsd direction equation

A

(.782)(rvot diameter)^2 x (rvot planimeter pwd) / (.785 lvot diameter^2) x (lvot planimeter pwd)

30
Q

what kind of murmur is a PDA

A

a continuous high pitched murmur

31
Q

why after birth a pda blood moves from aorta to pulmonary artery

A

the SVR is greater than the PVR

32
Q

endocardial cushion defect combination of congenital anomalies

A

a hole in the center of the heart
a common valve

33
Q

what trisomy is assoc. w/ endocardial cushion defecf

A

21

34
Q

endocardial cushion defect symptoms

A

cyanosis
dyspnea
fatigue
murmur
poor appetite and weight gain
coughing, wheezing, swelling

35
Q

cleft mitral valve most commonly affect which leaflet

A

anterior

36
Q

cleft mitral valve associated lesions

A

ASD
AVSD
MVP
PDA
VSD

37
Q

valvular pulmonic stenosis

A

stenosis of the cusps

38
Q

most common cause of valvular PS

A

congenital

39
Q

sub valvular PS

A

stenosis of the RVOT

40
Q

pulmonic valve continuity equation

A

(VTI RVOT) x CSA RVOT / VTI PV

41
Q

mild PS PG

A

<36 mmhg

42
Q

severe PS PG

A

> 64 mmhg

43
Q

with aortic coarctation where is the BP higher

A

the upper extremities

44
Q

where does an aortic coarctation occur

A

AO ithmus

45
Q

the result of a LARGE RA from ebstein anomaly can cause

A

PFO
small RV
TR
and Right sided HF

46
Q

ebsteins anomaly is usually associated w/

A

ASD
VSD
PFO
PDA
PS
MS
TET. OF FALLOT

47
Q

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT 4 DEFECTS

A
  1. OVER RIDING AORTA
  2. RVH
  3. VSD
  4. PS
48
Q

CHILDREN with tetralogy of fallot usually experience what

A

exercise intolerance
squat spells
episodes of cysnosis and faintness

49
Q

Dextro TGA

A

the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched

50
Q

levo TGA

A

the anatomic right and the anatomic left ventricles are switched

Echo Boards Review (17 decks)

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