Normal behaviour and emotional development in children Flashcards
What is childhood
- period from birth to either adolescence or adulthood
- A period of intense change and development
what is childhood separated into
- Newborn - first month
- Infancy - first year
- Toddler/early childhood - pre school
- Middle childhood – school age to puberty
- Adolscnece – puberty to adulthood
what is normal development
- Emotional
- Social
- Physical
- Cognitive
- Speech and language
how do we identify problems
- Parent concerns or worries
- Childhood surveillance programme
- Healthcare professionals; midwives, health visitors, doctors
- Picked up at nursery or school by teachers
- Other professionals – social workers, educational psychologists etc
describe the healthy child programme
- Series of visits where problems are picked up
- 12th week of pregnancy
- The neonatal examination – done in a hospital, hearing exam is also done at this point
- New baby review around 14 days old – heel prick test
- 6-8 weeks examination – cardiovascular system, checking hips and to see if testes has descended, post natal depression and baby blues
- 1 year old
- Between 2 and 2 1/2 years old – usually done by a health visitor
what is attachment theory
- John Bowlby
- Humans are born with an innate need to attach to a primary attachment figure
- They display behaviours – crying, smiling, vocalisation, to ensure proximity to their caregiver
- Harlow provided proof with monkeys
what happens if there are too many attachments
- then you cannot develop your attachment properly
what is the gross motor, vision and fine motor, hearing speech and language, and social emotional and behavioural milestones in
- newborn
- 7 months
- 1 year
- 18 months
- 2 and 1/2 years
Newborn
- flexed posture
- fixes and follows face
- stills to voice, startles to loud sound
- smiles at 6 weeks
7 months
- sits without support,
- transfers objects from hand to hand
- turns to voice, polysyllabic babble
- finger feeds, fears strangers
1 year
- stands independently
- inner grip at 10 months, points
- 1-2 words, understands name
- drinks from cup, waves
18 monts
- walks independently
- immature grip of pencil, random scribble
- 6-10 words, points to 4 body parts
- feeds himself with spoon, beginning to help with dressing
2 and 1/2 years
- runs and jumps
- draws
- 3-4 word sentences, understands 2 joined commands
- parallel play, clean and dry
describe the development of growth motor skills
- head control is 4 months
- sits unsupported at 9 months
- stands independently 12 months
- walks independently at 18 months
what is the fine motor skills development
- fixes and follows visually at 3 months
- reaches for objects at 6 months
- transfers at 8 months
- pincer grip at 12 months
what is the hearing, speech and language development
- polysyllabic babble - 7 months
- consonant babble - 10 months
- saying 6 words with meaning 18 months
- joins words 2 years
- 3 word sentences 2-5 years
what does social, emotional, behaviour mean
- smiles - 8 weeks
- fear of strangers - 10 months
- feeds self- 18 months
- symbolic play - 2 - 2.5 years
- interactive play - 3-3.5 years
what is the problem in infancy and under 5s
- Apetitie and eating problems
- Sleep disturbance
- Temperament
- Developmental delay
- Attachment problem
- Physical illness
- Failure to thrive
developmental delay …
ay be the first presentation of various illness
what are the 2 types of developmental delay
- global - slow acquisition of all skills
- specific - slow acquisition in one particular field or area
what are the types of developmental delay
- slow
- plateau
- regression
name some causes of developmental delay
- genetic disorders
prenatal
- congenital infections
- birth trauma
- intracranial haemorrhage
- prematurity
post natal
- infection
- cranial turmaa
environmental
- poor nutrition
- family stress
- child abuse or neglect
describe some types of neurodevelopment disorder
- Attention deficit hyperativeity disorder ADHD – problems with attention, they will go in draws, handbags nad play with stuff, - usally picked up before the age of 5 but when they go to school it will become known
- Autisitic spectrum diorders ASD- prelevance over 1% - problems of communciaiton, problems with reciprocal social interactions, steryotype interests, struggle to make new friends
- Tic disorders including tourettes syndrome
describe intellectual disability IQ levels
- Mild 70-90
- moderate 50-70
- severe 20-50
- profound IQ is less than 20
what are some specific developmental problems
- speech and language delay
- scholastic skills - such as reading delay, dyscalculia
- motor function - dyspraxia
what are the types of abuse
- neglect
- physical
- sexual
- online and cyberbullying
- bulling
- emotional
what is the golden triangle
- parental mental health
- domestic violence
- substance misuse
what can stress during pregnancy lead to
- epigenetic
- lead to certain behaviour outcomes
- different interaction between mother and child
- change in size of the hippocampus
