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Human Development > Anatomy of the pelvis > Flashcards

Anatomy of the pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pelvis made up of

A

Right hip bone
Left hip bone
Sacrum

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2
Q

the pelvis is joined together too…

A

Joined together to form a continuous bony ring

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3
Q

what are the two joints within the pelvis

A

Joined at the sacroiliac joint posterior and pubic symphysis anteriorly

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4
Q

what kind of joint is the sacroiliac joint

A

partially cartilaginous and partially synovial,

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5
Q

what kind of joint is the pubic symphysis

A

cartilaginous

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6
Q

what is the hip bone made out of

A

Illium
Ischium
Pubis

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7
Q

where do the ilium, ischium and pubis all meet

A

acetabulum

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8
Q

what are in vertical alignment with each other in the bony pelvis

A

The ASIS and pubic symphysis

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9
Q

describe what makes up the ileum

A

Iliac crest
Posterior superior iliac spine
Anterior superior iliac spine – inguinal ligament and satrious
Anterior inferior iliac spine – attachment for rectus femoris

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10
Q

what muscles attaches to the anterior superior lilac spine

A

– inguinal ligament and satrious

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11
Q

what muscles attach to the anterior inferior iliac spine

A

attachment for rectus femoris

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12
Q

what makes up the pubis

A

Pubic tubercle
Inferior pubic ramus
Superior pubic ramus

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13
Q

what bones form the obturator foramen

A

pubic bone and ischium

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14
Q

the obturator Forman is mainly made up of…

A

obturator membrane

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15
Q

what is the ischium made up of

A

Made up of ischial spine and ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

what muscle attaches to the ischial tuberosity

A

hamstrings attach here

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17
Q

what is the entrance and exit point to the bony pelvis called

A

Bony pelvis has an pelvic inlet and a pelvic outlet

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18
Q

describe what the pelvic inlet and outlet is in relation to

A

These are describe in relation to any structure that passes through the pelvis
It first enters the pelvic inlet and then enters the pelvic outlet

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19
Q

describe the pelvic inlet

A

extends from the top of the sacrum and round, extends along the ileum and the pubis towards the pubic symphysis and then back around

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20
Q

describe the pelvic outlet

A

this is coccyx posteriorly extends towards the ischial tuberosity and pubic symphysis then back to the ischal tuberitiy and cocylx

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21
Q

what is the area between the pelvic inlet and outlet referred to as

A

true/lesser pelvis

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22
Q

what does the true pelvis contain

A

all of the pelvic organs such as the bladder, uterus and rectum are found within the true pelvis

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23
Q

what is above the pelvic inlet

A

Above the pelvic inlet you are in the abdominal cavity so there are abdominal organs within this area this is called the greater or false pelvis

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24
Q

describe the structure of the female pelvis

A

Wide sub-pubic angle (greater than 80°)- allow baby out

Wide pelvic inlet and outlet if the baby goes through he pelvis inlet it needs to go out of the pelvic outlet

Thin and light structure

25
Q

describe the structure of the male pelvis

A

Narrow sub-pubic angle (less than 70°)

Narrow pelvic inlet and outlet, pelvic inlet is larger than pelvic outlet

Thick and heavy structure - thicker muscles attach here

26
Q

what is the narrowest part of the pelvic inlet

A

Between the sacral promontory and the pubic symphysis is usually the narrowest part of the pelvic inlet
- this is a fixed distance

27
Q

what is the narrowest part of the pelvic outlet

A

Interspinous distance is usually the narrowest part of the pelvic outlet the babies head will have to pass through

Not a fixed distance

28
Q

what are the 4 different shapes of the female pelvis

A

Android
antropod
gynecoid
platypelloid

29
Q

describe the 4 different shapes of the female pelvis

A

Android – this has more of a heart shaped pelvic inlet and wide pelvic outlook

Antropod – less common oval pelvic inlet don’t correspond that well to the hsape of the babies head

Gynecoid – most common – round pelvic inlet and round pelvic outlet, this is the ideal shape for child bearing

Platypelloid – less common, oval pelvic inlet don’t correspond that well to the hsape of the babies head

30
Q

not everyone has the same shape….

A

Not everyone has the same shape pelvis come in a wide variety of shape and sizes

31
Q

what are the ligaments of the pelvis

A

Sacroiliac
Inguinal
Sacrotuberous
Sacrospinous

32
Q

what does the sacroiliac joint do

A

crosses the sacroiliac joint, very strong ligament that resists any movement that occurs there and therefore stabilises the joint

33
Q

describe how relaxin acts on the sacroiliac joint

A

During pregnancy a hormone called relaxin causes the ligaments to relax this permits a 10-15% increase in pelvic diameter,

however you get a weakening of the sacroiliac joints and more movement occurs at these joints, this is one of the factors that contribute towards getting an increase lumbar lordosis

34
Q

what is the inguinal ligament too and from

A

ASIS from pubic tubercle

35
Q

what goes through he inguinal ligament

A

Femoral artery
Femoral nerve
Femoral vein

36
Q

describe the obturator membrane

A

The obturator membrane almost completely closes off the obturator foramen.
Superiorly there is a deficiency in the membrane which creates a passageway.

37
Q

what goes through the obturator foramen

A

Obturator artery
Obturator nerve
Obturator vein

38
Q

where is the sacrospinous ligament to and from

A

sacrum to ischium spine

39
Q

where is the sacrotuberous ligament to and from

A

ischial tuberosity to sacrum

40
Q

what makes up the greater sciatic foramen

A

Sacropsinous ligament and bony pelvis

41
Q

what makes up the lesser sciatic foramen

A

sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament

42
Q

what leaves the greater sciatic foramen

A 
Gluteal arteries
Gluteal veins
Gluteal nerves
Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery
43
Q

what leaves the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal artery

44
Q

what spinal segments does the pudendal nerve stem from

A

S2-S4 (SOMATIC)

45
Q

describe the root of the pudendal nerve

A

Leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen

Enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen

46
Q

what does the pudendal nerve supply

A

Provides motor and sensory innervation to the perineum

47
Q

what are the four main branches of the internal iliac that leave the bony pelvis

A

Sueprior gluteal artery

Inferior gluteal artery

obturator artery

Internal pudendal artery – passes out of the greater sciatic foramen and passes back in to the lesser sciatic foramen

48
Q

the arteries that stay in the pelvis from the internal iliac artery vary between..

A

men and women

49
Q

what are the three female internal iliac arteries that stay in the pelvis

A

Artery that supply the bladder these re the superior vesicular arteries – multiple vesicular branches that all go into the top of the bladder

Then you have the uterine artery – supplies the uterus, this gives of the vaginal artery as the branch which supplies the vagina

The third and final branch is the middle rectal artery which goes towards the rectum

50
Q

what are the three male internal iliac arteries that stay in the pelvis

A

Superiror vesicular arteries – supplies the bladder

Also have an inferior vesicular artery this runs toward the inferior aspect of the bladder and supplies the prostate gland

Middle rectal artery this goes towards the rectum

51
Q

what is the pelvic floor

A

There is a space inferiorly in the bony pelvis but you cannot just have a space otherwise everything will fall out this is closed of by a muscular sheath called the pelvic floror

52
Q

what are the muscles that make up the pelvic floor

A

levator ani and coccygeus

53
Q

what are the three muscles of levator ani

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Illeococygenous

Behind puborectalis is the pubococcygeus
Behind pubococygeous is ileococygeus

54
Q

describe where the muscles of levator ani go

A

Go from the pubic bone and loop around rectum and going back towards the pubic bone

55
Q

where is the coccyges to and from

A

Goes from ischial spine to coccyx

56
Q

what are the two other muscles within side the pelvis

A

Obstruator internus and prifomris

- they are both lateral rotators of the hip

57
Q

what does the piriformis attach to and from

A

sacrum then attaches to posterior aspect of the femur via greater sciatic formane

58
Q

what does the obturator internus attach to and from

A

comes over the obtrusator – passes through the lesser sciatic formane to enter the gluteal region to attach the posterior aspect of the femur

59
Q

where are the pelvic organs and where are there inferior portions

A

Pelvic organs are above the pelvic floor and supported by it but the inferior portions such as the urethra vagina and anus pass through the pelvic floor into the perineum

Human Development (28 decks)

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