Anatomy of the pelvis

Question 1

what is the pelvis made up of

Answer 1

Right hip bone
Left hip bone
Sacrum

Question 2

the pelvis is joined together too…

Answer 2

Joined together to form a continuous bony ring

Question 3

what are the two joints within the pelvis

Answer 3

Joined at the sacroiliac joint posterior and pubic symphysis anteriorly

Question 4

what kind of joint is the sacroiliac joint

Answer 4

partially cartilaginous and partially synovial,

Question 5

what kind of joint is the pubic symphysis

Answer 5

cartilaginous

Question 6

what is the hip bone made out of

Answer 6

Illium
Ischium
Pubis

Question 7

where do the ilium, ischium and pubis all meet

Answer 7

acetabulum

Question 8

what are in vertical alignment with each other in the bony pelvis

Answer 8

The ASIS and pubic symphysis

Question 9

describe what makes up the ileum

Answer 9

Iliac crest
Posterior superior iliac spine
Anterior superior iliac spine – inguinal ligament and satrious
Anterior inferior iliac spine – attachment for rectus femoris

Question 10

what muscles attaches to the anterior superior lilac spine

Answer 10

– inguinal ligament and satrious

Question 11

what muscles attach to the anterior inferior iliac spine

Answer 11

attachment for rectus femoris

Question 12

what makes up the pubis

Answer 12

Pubic tubercle
Inferior pubic ramus
Superior pubic ramus

Question 13

what bones form the obturator foramen

Answer 13

pubic bone and ischium

Question 14

the obturator Forman is mainly made up of…

Answer 14

obturator membrane

Question 15

what is the ischium made up of

Answer 15

Made up of ischial spine and ischial tuberosity

Question 16

what muscle attaches to the ischial tuberosity

Answer 16

hamstrings attach here

Question 17

what is the entrance and exit point to the bony pelvis called

Answer 17

Bony pelvis has an pelvic inlet and a pelvic outlet

Question 18

describe what the pelvic inlet and outlet is in relation to

Answer 18

These are describe in relation to any structure that passes through the pelvis
It first enters the pelvic inlet and then enters the pelvic outlet

Question 19

describe the pelvic inlet

Answer 19

extends from the top of the sacrum and round, extends along the ileum and the pubis towards the pubic symphysis and then back around

Question 20

describe the pelvic outlet

Answer 20

this is coccyx posteriorly extends towards the ischial tuberosity and pubic symphysis then back to the ischal tuberitiy and cocylx

Question 21

what is the area between the pelvic inlet and outlet referred to as

Answer 21

true/lesser pelvis

Question 22

what does the true pelvis contain

Answer 22

all of the pelvic organs such as the bladder, uterus and rectum are found within the true pelvis

Question 23

what is above the pelvic inlet

Answer 23

Above the pelvic inlet you are in the abdominal cavity so there are abdominal organs within this area this is called the greater or false pelvis

Question 24

describe the structure of the female pelvis

Answer 24

Wide sub-pubic angle (greater than 80°)- allow baby out

Wide pelvic inlet and outlet if the baby goes through he pelvis inlet it needs to go out of the pelvic outlet

Thin and light structure

Question 25

describe the structure of the male pelvis

Answer 25

Narrow sub-pubic angle (less than 70°) Narrow pelvic inlet and outlet, pelvic inlet is larger than pelvic outlet Thick and heavy structure - thicker muscles attach here

Question 26

what is the narrowest part of the pelvic inlet

Answer 26

Between the sacral promontory and the pubic symphysis is usually the narrowest part of the pelvic inlet - this is a fixed distance

Question 27

what is the narrowest part of the pelvic outlet

Answer 27

Interspinous distance is usually the narrowest part of the pelvic outlet the babies head will have to pass through Not a fixed distance

Question 28

what are the 4 different shapes of the female pelvis

Answer 28

Android antropod gynecoid platypelloid

Question 29

describe the 4 different shapes of the female pelvis

Answer 29

Android – this has more of a heart shaped pelvic inlet and wide pelvic outlook Antropod – less common oval pelvic inlet don’t correspond that well to the hsape of the babies head Gynecoid – most common – round pelvic inlet and round pelvic outlet, this is the ideal shape for child bearing Platypelloid – less common, oval pelvic inlet don’t correspond that well to the hsape of the babies head

Question 30

not everyone has the same shape....

Answer 30

Not everyone has the same shape pelvis come in a wide variety of shape and sizes

Question 31

what are the ligaments of the pelvis

Answer 31

Sacroiliac Inguinal Sacrotuberous Sacrospinous

Question 32

what does the sacroiliac joint do

Answer 32

crosses the sacroiliac joint, very strong ligament that resists any movement that occurs there and therefore stabilises the joint

Question 33

describe how relaxin acts on the sacroiliac joint

Answer 33

During pregnancy a hormone called relaxin causes the ligaments to relax this permits a 10-15% increase in pelvic diameter, however you get a weakening of the sacroiliac joints and more movement occurs at these joints, this is one of the factors that contribute towards getting an increase lumbar lordosis

Question 34

what is the inguinal ligament too and from

Answer 34

ASIS from pubic tubercle

Question 35

what goes through he inguinal ligament

Answer 35

Femoral artery Femoral nerve Femoral vein

Question 36

describe the obturator membrane

Answer 36

The obturator membrane almost completely closes off the obturator foramen. Superiorly there is a deficiency in the membrane which creates a passageway.

Question 37

what goes through the obturator foramen

Answer 37

Obturator artery Obturator nerve Obturator vein

Question 38

where is the sacrospinous ligament to and from

Answer 38

sacrum to ischium spine

Question 39

where is the sacrotuberous ligament to and from

Answer 39

ischial tuberosity to sacrum

Question 40

what makes up the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 40

Sacropsinous ligament and bony pelvis

Question 41

what makes up the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 41

sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament

Question 42

what leaves the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 42

``` Gluteal arteries Gluteal veins Gluteal nerves Sciatic nerve Pudendal nerve Internal pudendal artery ```

Question 43

what leaves the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 43

Pudendal nerve | Internal pudendal artery

Question 44

what spinal segments does the pudendal nerve stem from

Answer 44

S2-S4 (SOMATIC)

Question 45

describe the root of the pudendal nerve

Answer 45

Leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen Enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 46

what does the pudendal nerve supply

Answer 46

Provides motor and sensory innervation to the perineum

Question 47

what are the four main branches of the internal iliac that leave the bony pelvis

Answer 47

Sueprior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery obturator artery Internal pudendal artery – passes out of the greater sciatic foramen and passes back in to the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 48

the arteries that stay in the pelvis from the internal iliac artery vary between..

Answer 48

men and women

Question 49

what are the three female internal iliac arteries that stay in the pelvis

Answer 49

Artery that supply the bladder these re the superior vesicular arteries – multiple vesicular branches that all go into the top of the bladder Then you have the uterine artery – supplies the uterus, this gives of the vaginal artery as the branch which supplies the vagina The third and final branch is the middle rectal artery which goes towards the rectum

Question 50

what are the three male internal iliac arteries that stay in the pelvis

Answer 50

Superiror vesicular arteries – supplies the bladder Also have an inferior vesicular artery this runs toward the inferior aspect of the bladder and supplies the prostate gland Middle rectal artery this goes towards the rectum

Question 51

what is the pelvic floor

Answer 51

There is a space inferiorly in the bony pelvis but you cannot just have a space otherwise everything will fall out this is closed of by a muscular sheath called the pelvic floror

Question 52

what are the muscles that make up the pelvic floor

Answer 52

levator ani and coccygeus

Question 53

what are the three muscles of levator ani

Answer 53

Puborectalis Pubococcygeus Illeococygenous Behind puborectalis is the pubococcygeus Behind pubococygeous is ileococygeus

Question 54

describe where the muscles of levator ani go

Answer 54

Go from the pubic bone and loop around rectum and going back towards the pubic bone

Question 55

where is the coccyges to and from

Answer 55

Goes from ischial spine to coccyx

Question 56

what are the two other muscles within side the pelvis

Answer 56

Obstruator internus and prifomris | - they are both lateral rotators of the hip

Question 57

what does the piriformis attach to and from

Answer 57

sacrum then attaches to posterior aspect of the femur via greater sciatic formane

Question 58

what does the obturator internus attach to and from

Answer 58

comes over the obtrusator – passes through the lesser sciatic formane to enter the gluteal region to attach the posterior aspect of the femur

Question 59

where are the pelvic organs and where are there inferior portions

Answer 59

Pelvic organs are above the pelvic floor and supported by it but the inferior portions such as the urethra vagina and anus pass through the pelvic floor into the perineum