Nonproteobacteria

Question 1

Phyla/ Groups

Answer 1

Chlamydiae
Spirochaetes
Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, Bacteriodes (CFB)
Planctomycetes
Phototropic bacteria

Question 2

Phylum Chlamadiae

Answer 2

Obligate intracellular parasites
Unable to synthesize vitamins and growth factors
Two genera:
1. Chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis - causes tracoma (eye disease, blindness) if infects eye, causes chlamydial infections in genitouritary tract
2. Chlamydophila - Chlamydophila pmeumoniae - respiratory tract infection

Elementary bodies - small, dense, non multiplying, specialized for infectious transmission, resistant to drying

Reticulate bodies - larger, non infectious, specialized in multiplying in host cells

Question 3

Phylum Spirochaetes

Answer 3

Usually dark field or fluorescent microscopy because they are so thin
Difficult to grow in culture
Have an axial filament that is used to create twisting movement
The axial filament is formed by endoflagella in periplasmic space

Question 4

Genera under Spirochaetes

Answer 4

Spirochaeta - free living
Cristispira - commensal species for humans
Treponema - Treponema pallidum - one out of four species is responsible for syphilis
Borrelia burgdorferi - lyme disease
Borrelia recurrentis - relapsing fever
Leptospira interrogans - leptospirosis

Question 5

Phylum CFB (Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides)

Answer 5

Cytophaga
- almost obligate aerobes only few have fermenting abilities
- exoenzymes - degrade complex polysaccharides
- fish pathogens
Fusobacterium
- obligate anaerobes - ferment carbs, AA, peptides
- Form dental plaques through biofilm formation
Bacteroides
- obligate anaerobes - ferment carbs, AA, peptides
- dominant in large intestines
Occasionally can be pathogens

Question 6

Phylum Planctomycetes (aquatic bacteria)

Answer 6

Reproduction by budding
Lifecycle has 2 stages
- swarmer - motile and non reproducing
- sessile - holdfast structures and reproducing