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Welding Inspection Basics > Nondestructive Examination (NDE) > Flashcards

Nondestructive Examination (NDE) Flashcards

Master PT, MT, ET, RT, UT and VT.

1
Q

The act of determining the suitability of a material for its intended purpose without affecting its serviceability is called:

A

Nondestructive Examination (NDE)

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2
Q

What NDE method is shown here?

A

UT

ultrasonic testing

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3
Q

What NDE method is considered to be a true volumetric test?

A

UT

ultrasonic testing

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4
Q

What does PAUT stand for?

A

Phased array ultrasonic testing

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5
Q

The electrical pulse used to create vibration in UT (ultrasonic testing) is called:

A

Main bang or initial pulse

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6
Q

In UT (ultrasonic testing) the ability to locate discontinuities that are close together is called:

A

Resolution

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7
Q

Quartz and tourmaline are examples of:

A

Piezoelectric crystals

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8
Q

What is the material used to improve the transmission of untrasonic energy from the transducer into the part called?

A

Couplant

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9
Q

A piezoelectric crystal is used in what NDE method?

A

UT

ultrasonic testing

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10
Q

What type of transducer contains two independently operating elements in a single housing?

A

Dual element transducer

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11
Q

In UT (ultrasonic testing), the ability to locate a small discontinuity is called what?

A

Sensitivity

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12
Q

In UT (ultrasonic testing), the devices used to convert electrical energy into vibrations are called what?

A

Transducers

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13
Q

Water, oil and glycerin are all useful as:

A

Couplant

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14
Q

Longitudinal, shear and surface are types of what?

A

Sound waves

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15
Q

Pictured here are different types of _________ used in UT (ultrasonic testing).

A

Transducers

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16
Q

What type of UT (ultrasonic testing) is shown here?

A

PAUT

phased array ultrasonic testing

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17
Q

What is the active element used in most transducers today?

A

Piezoelectric ceramic

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18
Q

The liquid used in UT (ultrasonic testing) to facilitate the transmition of sound energy from the transducer into the part is called:

A

Couplant

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19
Q

In general, a discontinuity must be _________ the wavelength of the ultrasound in order to be detected.

A

1/2

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20
Q

What type of sound wave is able to follow a surface around a curve?

A

A surface wave

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21
Q

The effect on sound waves caused by scattering and absorption is called what?

A

Attenuation

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22
Q

Decibel’ is a term used in what NDE method?

A

UT

ultrasonic testing

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23
Q

Pulse-echo, pulse-transmission and continuous wave resonance are all techniques of what NDE method?

A

UT

ultrasonic testing

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24
Q

Comparing UT (ultrasonic testing) indications to dimensions in a test block is a means of:

A

Calibration

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25
Q

Which NDE method is most likely to detect subsurface laminations in a rolled plate?

A

UT

ultrasonic testing

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26
Q

MT (magnetic particle testing) can only be used to inspect what types of materials?

A

Ferromagnetic

materials that can be magnetized

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27
Q

To be accurate, MT (magnetic particle testing) must be done in how many directions?

A

Two

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28
Q

MT (magnetic particle testing) can be used with which type of current?

A

DC or AC

direct or alternating current

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29
Q

Which type of electrical current provides the deepest penetration?

A

DC

direct current

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30
Q

Which type of current gives the best mobility to iron particles?

A

AC

alternating current

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31
Q

What type of discontinuity will provide the sharpest MT (magnetic particle testing) indication?

A

Surface crack

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32
Q

Which MT (magnetic particle testing) equipment produce longitudinal magnetization?

A

Yoke and coil

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33
Q

A yoke produces what type of magnetism?

A

Longitudinal

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34
Q

Prods produce what type of magnetism?

A

Circular

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35
Q

A head shot produces what kind of magnetization?

A

Circular

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36
Q

A central conductor produces what type of magnetism?

A

Circular

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37
Q

A coil shot produces what type of magnetization?

A

Longitudinal

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38
Q

The normal spacing between MT (magnetic particle testing) prods is:

A

6” - 8”

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39
Q

Which MT (magnetic particle testing) equipment produces circular magnetization?

A

Prods, head shot and central conductor

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40
Q

What method of NDE is shown here?

A

MT (magnetic particle testing) using a head shot

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41
Q

What method of NDE is shown here?

A

MT (magnetic particle inspection) using a yoke

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42
Q

What method of NDE is shown here?

A

MT (magnetic particle inspection) using prods

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43
Q

What method of NDE is being used here?

A

MT (magnetic particle inspection) using a coil

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44
Q

Which magnetization technique should be used for the discovery of longitudinal flaws?

A

Circular magnetization

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45
Q

To detect discontinuities on the inside of a pipe, what MT (magnetic particle testing) technique must be used?

A

Central conductor

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46
Q

The direction of magnetic flow is always ______ to the direction of current flow.

A

Perpendicular (opposite)

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47
Q

Can MT (magnetic particle testing) be used to inspect aluminum?

A

No

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48
Q

Flux leakage’ is a term used in what NDE method?

A

MT

magnetic particle testing

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49
Q

For MT (magnetic particle testing), when the flux lines are parallel to the discontinuity, how would the indication appear?

A

Weak or non-existent

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50
Q

For the detection of very fine surface cracks using MT (magnetic particle testing) would dry or wet, visible or fluorescent be the best choice?

A

Wet fluorescent

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51
Q

Permeability and retentivety are terms associated with what NDE method?

A

MT

magnetic particle testing

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52
Q

Do flux lines outside of a magnet flow North to South, or South to North?

A

North to South

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53
Q

The ease with which a material can be magnetized is called what?

A

Permeability

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54
Q

Which NDE method should be most effective at detecting subsurface porosity?

A

RT

radiographic testing

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55
Q

The higher the density of an object, the _______ it will appear on a radiograph.

A

Lighter

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56
Q

If equal thicknesses of steel, cast iron, aluminum and lead were radiographed, which would result in the darkest image?

A

Aluminum

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57
Q

Will porosity and lack of fusion appear lighter or darker on a radiograph?

A

Darker

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58
Q

Lead screens, processing equipment and viewers are used with what NDE method?

A

RT

radiographic testing

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59
Q

Cobalt-60, Iridium-192, Selenium-75 and Ytterbium-169 are common types of what?

A

Isotopes

sources for radiography

60
Q

What is the main benefit of RTR (real-time radiography)?

A

Faster results

61
Q

What does SWE/SWV stand for?

A

Single wall exposure, single wall view

62
Q

The two most common industrial Gamma ray sources are:

A

Cobalt-60 and Iridium-192

63
Q

What does DWE/DWV stand for?

A

Double wall exposure, double wall view

64
Q

Source to film distance, source to object distance and the size of the source can all affect the amount of what RT (radiographic testing) property?

A

Geometric unsharpness

65
Q

In RT (radiographic testing), information about resolution and contrast sensitivity are provided by what?

A

IQI’s

image quality indicators

66
Q

The type of film used and the process used to develope the film determine what?

67
Q

What exposure arrangement is shown here?

A

DWE/DWV

double wall exposure/double wall view

68
Q

What exposure arrangement is shown here?

A

SWE/SWV

single wall exposure/single wall view

69
Q

Thin sheets of lead foil placed in contact with the film during exposure to increase the film density are called:

A

Lead screens

70
Q

X-rays and Gamma rays present a health risk because they release ionizing radiation, which means the radiation can:

A

Break chemical bonds

71
Q

What exposure arrangement is shown here?

A

DWE/SWV

double wall exposure/single wall view

72
Q

What exposure arrangement is shown here?

A

DWE/DWV

double wall exposure/double wall view

73
Q

What exposure arrangement is shown here?

A

SWE/SWV

single wall exposure/single wall view

74
Q

Attenuation of radiation is caused by what two factors?

A

Scattering and absorption

75
Q

A densitometer is used to measure what?

A

Film density

76
Q

A thin, transparent, flexible plastic strip coated with silver bromide crystals is called:

A

Radiographic film

77
Q

What discontinuity is shown here?

78
Q

Do X-rays and Gamma rays always travel in straight lines?

79
Q

What type of inclusion shows as a light region on a radiograph?

80
Q

What discontinuinty is shown here?

A

Inadequate penetration

81
Q

What discontinuity is shown here?

82
Q

The parallel lines transverse to the weld found in this radiograph are examples of what?

A

IQI

image quality indicators

83
Q

IQI (image quality indicators) are used in what NDE method?

A

RT

radiographic testing

84
Q

IQI (image quality indicators) may be of what type?

A

Wire, hole, or step

85
Q

The measure of how long a radioactive isotope will be useful is called its:

86
Q

The electro-magnetic principle shown here applies to what NDE method?

A

ET

eddy current testing

87
Q

What type of NDE is shown here?

A

ET

eddy current testing

88
Q

Electrical conductivity is an important factor for which NDE method?

A

ET

Eddy current testing

89
Q

ET (eddy current testing) uses what type of electrical current?

A

AC

alternating current

90
Q

Electromagnetic induction’ is a term used with what NDE method?

A

ET

eddy current testing

91
Q

The coil in an ET (eddy current testing) probe is usually made from what?

92
Q

Narrow EDM (electrical discharge machining) notches and saw cuts are used in calibration blocks to similate what?

93
Q

What NDE method is shown here?

A

ET

eddy current testing

94
Q

Some common types of probes used in ET (eddy current testing) are:

A

Surface, bolt hole and ID probes

95
Q

In ET (eddy current testing), the relationship between magnetizing force and flux density is shown on a ______________.

A

Hysteresis loop

96
Q

Pictured here are different types of _______ used in ET (eddy current testing).

97
Q

Are ET (eddy current testing) probes with iron cores more or less sensitive than probes with air cores?

A

More sensitive

98
Q

The depth that eddy currents penetrate into a part is affected by:

A

Electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability

99
Q

Induced electric currents circulating wholly within a mass of metal are called:

A

Eddy currents

100
Q

Which NDE method can be used to tell a materials conductivity, hardness, heat treatment and the thickness of a thin part?

A

ET

eddy current testing

101
Q

Magnetic permeability, electrical resistivity and probe drive frequency are all terms associated with that NDE method?

A

ET

eddy current testing

102
Q

Can ET (eddy current testing) be used on aluminum?

103
Q

What type of ET (eddy current testing) probe is commonly used to inspect the I.D. (internal diameter) of machined holes?

A

Bolt hole probe

104
Q

The total opposition that an AC circuit experiences is called:

105
Q

Capillary action plays a role in which NDE method?

A

PT

penetrant testing

106
Q

Which NDE methods do not require electricity?

A

RT, PT and VT

radiographic, penetrant and visual testing

107
Q

Should VT (visual testing) be conducted before or after PT (penetrant testing)?

108
Q

What NDE method is shown here?

A

PT

penetrant testing

109
Q

The two types of dye penetrant are:

A

Visible and flourescent

110
Q

Penetrant may be applied by what methods?

A

Dipping, brushing or spraying

111
Q

PT (penetrant testing) should not be used if the surface of the part is above what temperature?

112
Q

What penetrant method is easiest to use in the field?

A

Visible dye, water washable

113
Q

A developer is used with what type of NDE?

A

PT

penetrant testing

114
Q

The force that pulls water up into a paper towel is called:

A

Capillary action

115
Q

The four basic steps to performing PT (penetrant testing) are:

A
  1. Clean
  2. Apply penetrant
  3. Remove excess penetrant
  4. Apply developer
116
Q

Water washable, solvent removable, and post-emulsifiable are all types of _________ used in PT (penetrant testing).

A

Penetrant removal

117
Q

The minimum dwell time for PT (penetrant testing) is usually:

A

1-5 minutes

118
Q

Dry powder, water soluble, water suspendable and nonaqueous are all types of _________ used in PT (penetrant testing).

A

Developers

119
Q

The length of time that the dye is left on the part during a PT (penetrant test) test is known as:

A

Dwell time

120
Q

One of the greatest factors in performing a successful PT (penetrant testing) examination is:

A

The cleanliness of the part

121
Q

What NDE method is shown here?

A

FPI

flourescent penetrant inspection

122
Q

Capillary action is the basic principal behind which NDE method?

A

PT

penetrant testing

123
Q

Which NDE method relies on a pressure differential?

A

LT

leak testing

124
Q

Helium, soapy water, and a vacuum may all be used with what NDE method?

A

LT

leak testing

125
Q

The type of LT (leak testing) where water is pressurized inside of a part is called:

A

Hydrostatic testing

126
Q

Which NDE methods may not detect a discontinuity that is parallel to the probing energy?

A

RT, UT, and MT

radiographic, ultrasonic and magnetic particle testing

127
Q

Which NDE methods are limited to surface and near surface discontinuities?

A

MT and ET

magnetic particle and eddy current testing

128
Q

Which NDE methods are limited to the detection of surface discontinuities only?

A

PT and VT

Dye penetrant and visual testing

129
Q

Ultraviolet light may be used with which NDE methods?

A

FPI and FMPI

flourescent penetrant and flourescent magnetic particle inspection

130
Q

The normally invisible radiation that can be seen use a mercury lamp with a filter in a dark environment is called what?

A

Flouresence

131
Q

Which NDE methods can detect surface cracks?

132
Q

Paint will most greatly effect which NDE methods?

A

PT and MT

penetrant and magnetic particle testing

133
Q

When a weld has been rejected by a qualified NDE tech, the welding inspector should:

A

Review the test results and maintain the test record

134
Q

NDE technicians must be certified to what standard?

A

ASNT SNT-TC-1A

135
Q

How many levels of qualification does ASNT SNT-TC-1A define?

136
Q

Must the welding inspector be certified to ASNT SNT-TC-1A to perform VT (visual testing)?

137
Q

What discontinuity is shown here?

A

Cluster porosity

138
Q

What NDE method uses the equipment shown here?

A

RT

radiographic testing

139
Q

This pie gauge is used to calibrate what NDE method?

A

MT

magnetic particel testing

140
Q

Can the human eye see visible or flourescent dye better?

A

Flourescent

141
Q

In UT (ultrasonic testing) the horizontal axis of the screen tells what?

A

The distance the sound has traveled

142
Q

What does PMI stand for?

A

Positive material identification

143
Q

What discontinuity is shown in this digital radiograph?

A

Lamellar tear

144
Q

What NDE method is this?

A

MT with a yoke

145
Q

What reference standard is this?

A

IIW (International Institute of Welding) calibration block

Welding Inspection Basics (9 decks)

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