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Molecular Biology > Noncoding RNA and Regulatory RNA > Flashcards

Noncoding RNA and Regulatory RNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

refers to mRNA that encodes protein

A

coding RNA

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2
Q

the RNA molecules but not translated into the protein

A

Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)

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3
Q

ncRNAs longer than 200 nt

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)and long noncofing RNA (lncRNA)

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4
Q

ncRNAs shorter than nt but longer than 40 nt

A

transfer RNA (tRNA)
small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
small nuclear ribonucleic acid RNA (snRNA)

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5
Q

ncRNA shorter than 40 nt

A

microRNA (miRNA)
piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)
small interfering RNA (siRNA)

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6
Q

The rRNA and tRNA which are constitutively expressed and required for normal functions are called ________________

A

housekeeping/structural nc RNAs

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7
Q

an integrated part of the ribosome, the protein factory of the cell; associates with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomes

A

rRNA

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8
Q

-function as carriers of amino acids and participate in protein synthesis
-the decoding machinery that reads the triplet genetic code of mRNA

A

tRNA

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9
Q

the ncRNAs expressed only in response to external stimuli that can affect the expression of other genes

A

regulatory ncRNAs

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10
Q

The negative charge of RNA can neutralize the positively charged ___________, leading to chromatin decompaction

A

histone tails

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11
Q

_____________ establish interactions with DNA to alter the chromatin environment

A

lncRNAs

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12
Q

translation may be controlled by ___________ that interact with mRNA

A

regulators

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13
Q

coding RNAs generally refers to ____________that encodes protein to act as various components including enzymes, cell structures, and signal transductors

A

mRNA

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14
Q

some coding mRNA can function without translating to protein via the formation of RNA secondary structure primarily derived from the ________________

A

UTR

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15
Q

Which ncRNA is involved in epigenetic process?

A

microRNAs

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16
Q

Describe how miRNAs are involved in epigenetics?

A

they bind to a specific target (3’UTR) mRNA with a complementary sequence to induce cleavage, or degradation or block translation

17
Q

____________can function as regulators by base pairing to specific target RNAs and to proteins by several different mechanisms

A

Small RNA

18
Q

_________________a small RNA with a single stranded region that can pair with a single-stranded region in a target RNA

A

regulator RNA

19
Q

the best known family of regulatory non-coding RNAs

A

miRNA

20
Q

miRNAs generated from protein-coding transcriptional units

A

Canonical

21
Q

miRNAs generated from nonprotein-coding transcriptional units

A

Noncanonical

22
Q

Canonical intronic miRNAs are __________________ and are thus processed cotranscriptonally with protein-coding transcripts in the nucleus

A

Drosha Dependent

23
Q

___________________ can derive from small introns that resemble premiRNAs and bypass the Drosha-processing step

A

Noncanonical small RNAs (mirtrons)

24
Q

-large RNA primary transcripts
-self-complementary and can automatically fold into a double-strand hairpin structure usually with some imperfect base pairing

A

pri-miRNA

25
Q

an RNase III superfamily member endonuclease in the nuclease that reduces the pri-RNA to a 70bp hairpin shaped precursor fragment

A

Drosha

26
Q

RNase III family member that processes pre-miRNA to produce a short, double-stranded segment that is 22 bp

A

Dicer

27
Q

the complex of a microRNA bound to an Argonaute protein complex that carries out translational control, guided to its mRNA target in the cytoplasm by the associated miRNA

A

RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)

28
Q

What are the two primary mechanisms used to control mRNA expression?

A

-degradation of the mRNA
-inhibition of translation of the mRNA

29
Q

miRNAs can bind to the mRNA targets with exact complementarity to induce the __________________

A

RNAi pathway

30
Q

-regulate gene expression in germ cells and act to silence transposable elements
-largest class of small noncoding RNAs expressed in animal cells

A

piRNAS (piwi-interacting RNAs)

31
Q

RNA typically produced during a virus infection

A

siRNA (small interfering)

32
Q

a process of silencing/knocking down the expression of the target gene

A

RNA interference pathway (RNAi)

33
Q

What is included in RNAi machinery?

A

-dsRNA targeting the gene to be silenced
-Dicer
-Argonaute proteins
-RISC

Molecular Biology (8 decks)

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