Breakthroughs in Molecular Biology Flashcards
what does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
a prokaryotic adaptive immune system for survival against invading viruses
CRISPR/Cas
now is the best known tool used to alter genomes in the laboratory
CRISPR/Cas9
What are the components in Cas9 mediated genome editing?
DNA endonuclease Cas9 and a guide RNA
a short synthetic RNA present on scaffold sequence
gRNA
how does RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas nuclease system promote genome editing?
by stimulating a DSB at a target genomic locus
what are the 2 major pathways for DNA damage repair?
error-prone NHEJ and high-fidelity HDR
Cas9 recognizes the targeted sites via the interaction between a 20-nucleotide base long spacer on ___________________ in presence __________________ on the target.
-single guide RNA
-protospacer adjacent motif
Mostly Cas9 nuclease recognize PAM sequence _______________ on the downstream of the target DNA sequence.
NGG (any nucleotide followed by two guanines)
Upon recognition and pairing between the _____________ and _____________, Cas9 forms a complex in presence of PAM motif.
gRNA and target DNA
what triggers endogenous repair pathways?
the DNA target strand is cleaved forming a double strand break
what RNA can be used as a therapeutic and cost-effective way of manufacturing proteins and combat diseases?
mRNA
how are mRNA vaccines administered?
intramuscular
Following the injection, lipid nanoparticles approach the cells and release mRNA inside the cytoplasmic space to encode a full-length mutated _________________ to be present at the out surface of the cells.
SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
The human immune system recognizes the spike protein and identifies it as a _____________.
foreign body
