Non-Vascular & Vascular-Seedless Plants

Question 1

Invasion of land by plants

Answer 1

475 mya

Question 2

Vascular System

Answer 2

425 mya

Question 3

Seeds

Answer 3

360 mya

Question 4

Non-Vascular Plants

Answer 4

gametophyte dominant
Phylum Bryophyta (moss) and Phylum Hepatophyta (liverworts)

Question 5

Reproduction

Answer 5

sperm swims to egg through water

Question 6

Size

Answer 6

small since no vascular system, can’t harvest water from soil

Question 7

Vascular-Seedless Plants

Answer 7

sporophyte dominant, still uses water for reproduction
Phylum Monilophyta (ferns, horsetails) and Phylum Lycophyta (heterosporous)

Question 8

Xylem

Answer 8

water and nutrients, “up”

Question 9

Phloem

Answer 9

sugars, “down”

Question 10

True Roots

Answer 10

anchors and harvest water and nutrients

Question 11

Microphylls

Answer 11

singular vein vascular tissue, small leaves

Question 12

Megaphylls

Answer 12

branching vascular tissue, large leaves with multiple veins

Question 13

Sporophylls

Answer 13

specialized leaf that holds a sporangium

Question 14

Strobillus

Answer 14

cluster
Ex: pine cones

Question 15

Homosporous

Answer 15

single-spore type -> gametophyte

Question 16

Antheridia

Answer 16

sperm

Question 17

Archegonia

Answer 17

egg

Question 18

Heterosporous

Answer 18

microspore -> male gametophyte -> sperm
megaspore -> female gametophyte -> egg