Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Question 1

Gymnosperms

Answer 1

360 mya, seeds, NO flowers/fruit
Ex: cones
Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, Ginkgophyta

Question 2

Angiosperms

Answer 2

125 mya, seeds, flowers, and fruit
Ex: flowering plants
Phylum Anthophyta

Question 3

Seed

Answer 3

seed coat (hard external covering), embryo, nutritional content

Question 4

Seed adaptations

Answer 4

timing of germination, dispersal

Question 5

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Answer 5

sporophyte dominant, heterosporous, small gametophyte can move through air (pollen)

Question 6

Ovule

Answer 6

360 mya, protects megaspore and female gametophyte, matures into seed after fertilization

Question 7

Micropyle

Answer 7

opening where pollen enters the ovule

Question 8

Female

Answer 8

megasporocyte (2n) -> meiosis -> megaspore (1n) -> female gametophyte/ megagametophyte (1n)

Question 9

Male

Answer 9

microsporocyte (2n) -> meiosis -> microspore “immature pollen” (1n) -> male gametophyte/ microgametophyte “mature pollen” (1n)

Question 10

Mature males contain two nucleus

Answer 10

1) Tube nucleus- pollen tube
2) Generative nucleus- sperm -> egg -> embryo

Question 11

Nutritional content of seed

Answer 11

left over female gametophyte

Question 12

The Stamen consists of

Answer 12

anther (pollen) and filament (holder)

Question 13

The Carpel consists of

Answer 13

stigma, style, ovary

Question 14

Double Fertilization

Answer 14

two sperm are produced, one fertilizes the egg to create an embryo, the other fuses with the polar nuclei (central cell) to form the endosperm (nutritional content, 3n)

Question 15

Monocots

Answer 15

parallel veins, flowers: multiples of 3
Ex: corn

Question 16

Eudicots

Answer 16

branching veins, flowers: multiples of 4/5
Ex: rose, hibiscus, sunflower