Non Urgent Conditions Flashcards
what is HOPS?
History - what happened
Observations - what did you see/hear
Palpation - what do you feel? Where is the pain
Special Tests
For history taking you use SAMPLE - what is that?
Signs and symptoms
Allergies (might not need to ask)
Medications (might not need to ask)
Past medical history (might not need to ask )
Last oral intake
Events leading up to injury
For pain you can use PQRST - whats that?
Provoke - what makes it worse
Quality - is it sharp? achy?
Region - where is it, does it shoot anywhere
Severity - out of ten
Time - when did the pain start? Is it all the time?
In which step of HOPS does sample happen?
h - history!
what are some things to check when palpating?
distal circulation, any pain, if it is warm, any deformities
what does the special tests do you do for muscles and tendons
resisted testing (having tissue contract)
what tests do you do for ligaments?
Tests to open the joint it stabilizes
what tests do you do for bones?
Fracture testing
what is kendalls resisted muscle testing?
Rating quality of strength and ROM out of 5 and if it elicits pain
what is a grade 1 sprain?/strain
tissues have been stretched/some fibers have been disrupted
SPRAIN: integrity of joint is maintained
STRAIN: contractions are strong but painful
what is the dif btw sprain and strain?
sPrain = injury to ligament or joint capsule
sTrain = injury to muscle or tendons
think Dr T is super strong and buff - but he injured his muscles:(
what is a grade 2 Sp/St rain
partial tear/many fiber disruped
SP: instability and laxity in the joint
ST: contractions and weak and painful
what is a grade 3 sp/st rain
complet tear
SP: sig instability/laxity
ST: unable to contract and often pain free (bc nerve fibers torn too)
what is the tap testing test?
this is a fracture test
gently tap at bone away from suspected fracture site - this may cause pain at the fracture sit
pain is a + test
don’t test if you can see obvious deformity
what is the compression test?
this is a fracture test
here you compress the two ends of the bone together (usually at either end of long bone or compress bones around small bone with suspected fracture) can also squeeze above fracture to see if it brings pain
what is the tuning fork test
test for fractures
bang end of tuning fork off hard surface and put base of fork on bone with suspected fracture, away from fracture site. Resulting vibration may cause pain at fracture site
has value ruling out a fracture, but not for ruling in a fracture
what are the 4 steps of a sideline assessment
rule out joint above nd below
full physiocal ROM for joint
3 special tests to rule-out/confirm
more extensive palpation
what are arthrokinematics?
interartcular movements *movements that happen within the joint required for the ROM to take place
what are the 3 arthrokinematics movements?
roll, spin, glide
what is roll/rock
arthrokinematic movement where multiple points along one rotating surface contact multiple points on another articular surface (think a tire rotating across a stretch of pavement)
what is glide/slide
a single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface (think something sliding across the floor)
what is spin
a single pint on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface (think a dancer spining)
what is the sideline management for a sprain?
Ice and elevation
wrap to support, compression
crutches if weight bearing
What is sideline management for a sprain?
ice and elevation
wrap for compression
pressure pads over tissue, give compression
crutches for weight bearing extremeties
how do you treat a contusion
ice
dont pad to cover and protect from 2nd insult
wrap padding on to. area with herringbone technique
no message (unless lympth drainage)
can RTP if joints above and below are okay and they can contract muscle
what is sideline managment for non-urgent fractures
splint joints above and below fracture, can ice for fractures to help with inflammation and pain, refer for imaging
What is sideline management for abrasions
telfa/non-stick pad and cover roll
minor lacerations sideline management?
telfa/non-stick pad and cover roll
steri strips
what is the purpose of wrapping?
the provide support and minimize swelling through compression
when do you wrap?
contusions, ankle injury, to reduce swelling
