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KNPE 331 > Abdomen, Thorax, and Spine > Flashcards

Abdomen, Thorax, and Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what do ribs give us though thoracic spine?

A

rigidity

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2
Q

Where are kidneys - why is their location important?

A

Peaking out from under ribs, mostly outside of thoracic cavity (btw T12 and L3 vertebrae) - their location means they are not always protected and thus are vulnerable to injury

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3
Q

what is the TFL (thoracic fascial chain)

A

myofascial girdle that surrounds the lower portion of torso and plays important role in posture, stabilization, load transfer, and respiration

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4
Q

where are facet joints

A

btw pedicle and lamina of same vertebral - provide stability for the vertebral column as a whole

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5
Q

What structures are in the right upper abdominal quadrant?

A

Liver, gullbladder, duodenum, head of panceas, right kidney and adrenal gland, hepatic flexure of colon, paart of transverse and ascending colon

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6
Q

what structures are in the left upper abdominal quadrant

A

Stomach, spleen. left lobe of liver, body of pancreas, left kidney and adrenal gland, splenic flexure of colon, part of transverse and desending colon

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7
Q

what structures are in right lower abdominal quadrant

A

caecum, appendix, right ovary and rube, right ureter

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8
Q

what structures are in the left lower abdominal quadrant?

A

part of descending colon, sigmoid colon. left ovary and tube, left ureter

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9
Q

What is a sport hernia?

A

fascial weakness in the abdominal wall were abdominals and adductors attach into pubic bone

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10
Q

What is the MOI for a sports hernia?

A

repetitive strain to the area

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms with a sports hernia?

A

pain with sitting up, quick change in directions, sprinting, and coughing

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12
Q

what is the special test for a sports hernia?

A

resisted sit-up : positive with pain

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13
Q

What is the acute management for a sports hernia?

A

PIER, adductor wrap

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14
Q

what is the prolonged treatment for a sports hernia?

A

conservative treatment to hep manage symptoms (4-6 weeks), sequential return to plauy

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15
Q

what is penumothorax?

A

a collapsed lung - this occurs when air leaks into space btw lung and chest wall and pushed air outside of lung, causing a collapse

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16
Q

When is pneumothorax common?

A

most common with a rib fracture!

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17
Q

What is MOI for abdominal injuries

A

direct blow, fall from height

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18
Q

What are SandS for abdominal injuries

A

pain, rigidity in abdomen, feeling unwell, shock, cullen sign, grey turner sign

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19
Q

what is cullen sign?

A

discoloration around belly button

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20
Q

What is grey turner sign?

A

Discoloration around flank area (side of body from upper abdomen to back)

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21
Q

What is MOI for kidney injuries?

A

blow to the back

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22
Q

What are signs and symptoms with kidney injuries?

A

pain in low back, peeing blod, feeling unwell, shock

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23
Q

What do we do post suspected kidney injury for treatment?

A

Refer!

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24
Q

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

genetic condition causing thickening of heart muscles that causes an altered rhythm in the heart resulting in rediced/blocked blood flow

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25
Q

What are some warning signs of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

fainting/seizure, dizziness/light headedness, chest pain (even at rest), palpitations (quick/fluttering/irregular/pounding heart beats)
shortness of breath

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26
Q

What are some emerging causes of acquired heart disease in young atheletes?

A

anabolic steroids, peptide hormones, stimulants

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27
Q

What is getting the wind knocked out of you anatomically

A

when your diaphragm spasms

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28
Q

What is MOI to getting wind knocked out of you/blow to solar plexus?

A

blow to abdomen or chest, fall on buttocks or back

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29
Q

what are S and S for getting wind knocked out of you/blow to solar plexus?

A

pain, difficulty breathing, panicky, hard to catch breath

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30
Q

what is the MOI for a facet joint sprain?

A

forced rotation

31
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of a facet joint sprain?

A

hear/feel pop, sharp localized pain, pain with motions that open joint (ie twisting or bending)

32
Q

what is the ST for a facet joint sprain?

A

Quadrant test (+ if pain on op side)
Quadrant test:
athelete is in standing
Athelete extends backwards, side bends, and rotates in same direction
Pain on same side = facet joint effusion/irritation
Pain on opposite side = facet sprain on opposite side

33
Q

What is faccet joint effusion

A

irritation of the facet joint

34
Q

What is MOI for facet joint effusion

A

sudden episode of extreme ROM

35
Q

What are S and S for facet joint effusion

A

Feel of a click or sharp pain, localized pain, spasm around same inflamed joint, nerve root is irritated, closing joint will be painful

36
Q

What is the ST for facet joint effusion?

A

Quadrant test (+ if pain on same side as bend)
Have athelete standing, get them to extend backwards through the spine, have the athelte side bend to one side and rotate in that same direction

37
Q

What isa cute management for facet joint sprain

A

Pier and refer for treatment (RFT)

38
Q

What is acute management for facet joint effusion?

A

PIER (to sooth inflammation and discomfort) and RFT

39
Q

What is MOI for a disc protrusion?

A

Acute or chronic compression through disc often in flexed position

40
Q

What are S and S for disc protrusion?

A

Pain with repeat fwd bending (posterior protrusion), relief with extension, pain with coughing and sneezing

41
Q

What is acute management for a disc protrusion

A

RFT (conservative treatment)

42
Q

What are some goals with treatment when structures are damaged

A

supporting structures via dynamic contractile stabilizers to increase support

43
Q

Dermatomes

A

Sensory areas of the skin that are innervated by specific nerve roots (afferent nerve fibers) - sensations can include pain, tingling, numbness, pressure

44
Q

Myotomes

A

Group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve root

45
Q

What does myotome testing generally look like

A

performing resisted test 5 x bilaterally (+ if weakness)

46
Q

What is the motion to test C1

A

Cervical flexion

47
Q

What is the motion to test C2

A

Cervical rotation

48
Q

What is the motion to test C3

A

Cervical side bending

49
Q

What is the motion to test C4

A

Shoulder elevation (shrug)

50
Q

What is the motion to test C5

A

Shoulder Abduction

51
Q

What is the motion to test C6

A

Elbow flexion

52
Q

What is the motion to test C7

A

elbow extension

53
Q

What is the motion to test C8

A

Thumb extension

54
Q

What is the motion to test T1

A

Hand intrinsics - ie spread fingers

55
Q

What is the motion to test L1 and L2

A

Hip flexion in sitting (raise the quad while sitting)

56
Q

What is the motion to test L3

A

Knee extension

57
Q

What is the motion to test L4

A

Foot dorsiflexion and inversion

58
Q

What is the motion to test L5

A

Hallux extension

59
Q

What is the motion to test S1

A

Knee flexion and toe raises

60
Q

What is the motion to test S2

A

Big toe flexion and toe raises

61
Q

Pressure on which nerve root dampens reflexes biceps

A

C5

62
Q

Pressure on which nerve root dampens reflexes brachioradialis

A

C6

63
Q

Pressure on which nerve root dampens reflexes - triceps

A

C7

64
Q

Pressure on which nerve root dampens reflexes - patellar tendon

A

L3 and L4

65
Q

Pressure on which nerve root dampens reflexes - achiles tendon

A

S1

66
Q

What is MOI for strains of the Neck and Back

A

overstretching or eccentric load (loading the muscle while fwd bending), rotation at high velocity, external force to area

67
Q

What are S and S for muscle strains of neck and back

A

Abrupt pull, pain, protective spasm, divot (large strain)

68
Q

What is acute management for muscle strain of neck and back

A

PEIR (but never to anterior neck or major vessels) and altered activity

69
Q

What is MOI for rib and scapula fractures?

A

Direct blow or compression to the ribs or a fall onto scapula

70
Q

What is S and S for rib fracture?

A

pain with deep breath (shallow breathing), pain with compression, TOP area of fracture

71
Q

What is S and S for scapula fracture?

A

TOP, pain with movement of shoulders

72
Q

What is the acute management for a rib or scapula fracture?

A

stabilize segments with padding and tensor (if tolerated), tube sling for scap fracture, send for imahing

73
Q

What is spondylosis of the spine?

A

stress fracture to pars interarticularis

KNPE 331 (7 decks)

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