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KNPE 331 > Injuries of the Knee and Lower Leg > Flashcards

Injuries of the Knee and Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

what is supination of the foot

A

combo of plantaeflexion, inversion, and adduction that causes foot to face medially

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2
Q

what is pronation of the foot?

A

combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction which causes sole to face laterlly

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3
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior leg compartment?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius (peroneus tertius)

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4
Q

what does the anterior compartment of the lower leg do?

A

extensor (dorsiflection) group

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5
Q

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

peroneus longus (inserts on big toe) and peronus brevis (inserts on pinky)

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6
Q

what muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tom Dick and Harry
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus

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7
Q

what does the deep posterior compartment of the leg do?

A

work together to dynamically help stabilize medial ankle
plantarflexion

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8
Q

what muscles are in the superifical posterior compartment of th eleg

A

gastrocemius, soleus, achilies tendon (gastrocnmius and soleus insert here)

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9
Q

what are the intracapsular structures of the knee

A

ACL, PCL, medial and lateral meniscus, cartilage, joint surface

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10
Q

what is the wipe test used for

A

to identify intracapsular (inside capsul of knee) swelling

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11
Q

what does the wipe test look like?

A

sweep swelling on inside of knee upwards
push swelling down lateral side
look for a “bubble” on the medial part of knee

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12
Q

which quad muscles pull laterally on patella?

A

rectus femoris and vastus lateralisa and vastus intermedius

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13
Q

which quad muscles pull medially on the patella

A

vastus medialis

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14
Q

what muscles make up the medial hamstrings?

A

semimembranous and semitendonosus

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15
Q

which muscles make up the lateral hamstring?

A

biceps femoris

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16
Q

which muscles make up the pes anserine

A

semi-tendonous, gracilis, and the sartorius

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17
Q

what does the gluteus medius do?

A

hip abduction
internal and external rotation of the hip
Hip externsion
eccentrically control IR of femur in weight bearing
prevent pelvis from dropping during gait

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18
Q

what is the ideal quads to ham ratio

A

3:1

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19
Q

what is the technical name for shin splints

A

medial tibial stress syndrome

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20
Q

what does shin-splints involve?

A

exercise-induced pain over the anterior tibia and is an early stress injury

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21
Q

what is compartment syndrome?

A

excessive pressure within a muscle/fascial compartment

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22
Q

how does one get compartment syndome?

A

acute: trauma or folowing long bone fracture
overuse

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23
Q

what are compartment syndrome signs and symptoms

A

red, hot, shiny, painful, weak, numb, faint pulse distal to site

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24
Q

how is compartment syndrome managed

A

no pressure, lympth drainage to reduce inflammation, no return to play, non weight bearing, occasional need for fasciotomy to release pressure

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25
Q

what does the posterior cmpartment of the lower leg do?

A

it is the flexor group

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26
Q

what is MOI for a soleus strain?

A

overstretch in dorsiflex with knee extended

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27
Q

what are S and S for gastroc/soles strain

A

pop or pill, sharp pain, swelling, bruising

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28
Q

what are the ST for gastroc/soleus sprain

A

kendals test for gastrocs and soleus
thompson test to rule out achiles rupture
toe raiss

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29
Q

what is RTP for gastroc/soleus strain?

A

once rehabbed, can tape heel lift for initial RTP, gradually lower as time passes

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30
Q

what is MOI for achilles rupture

A

sudden forceful contraction

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31
Q

what is S and S for achilles rupture

A

sudden sharp pain (partial rupture) or feeling of being kicked in back of leg, unable to plantarflex or tippy toes, swelling, delayed onset bruising

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32
Q

what is ST for achilles rupture?

A

thompson test, two foot 1 toe raise

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33
Q

what is acute management for achilles rupture

A

PIER, NWB, pressure pad over injured tissue with tensor, educate, refer to sport med oc

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34
Q

what is MOI for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)?

A

unaligend knee cap movement
“poor tracking of patella in femoral condyle”

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35
Q

what are the S and S of PFPS

A

Pain on post aspect of patella, antalgic gate (limp), can’t flex knee

36
Q

what does insidious mean

A

we don’t know what the onset is

37
Q

what is MOI for patellae dislocation

A

valgus force with foot planted causing IR of femur

38
Q

S and S for patellar dislocation

A

patella positiond on lateral side of knee, significant pain with knee flexion

39
Q

special tests for patellar dislocation

A

apprehension (press on medial patela + if displacement and pain)

40
Q

what is acute management for patellar dislocation?

A

PIER and refer

41
Q

what is longterm management for patellar dislocation

A

brace ROM, and strenghtneing

42
Q

what is MOI for tendonitis

A

excessive traction on patellar tendon

43
Q

what is S and S for patellar tendonitis

A

swelling and heat over tendon, pain with running and jumping and fast change in directions

44
Q

what is the ST for patellar tendonitis

A

thomas test (lie suping,patient pulls knee to chest, if pain = +)

45
Q

what is bursa

A

fluid filled sacs that lay flat btw areas of friction

46
Q

what is MOI for knee bursitis

A

direct trauma, friction from tight muscles/tendons

47
Q

what is signs and symptoms for knee bursistis

A

rebound pain, visible fluid filled sac

48
Q

what is RTP management of knee bursities

A

protect bursa with padding to avoid repeated injury

49
Q

what is MOI for stress fractures?

A

overuse/poor mechanicsw

50
Q

what is MOI for patellar fracture

A

direct blow, patellar dislocation

51
Q

what is MOI for tibial plateua fraction

A

valgus (external) or varus (internal) load, direct blow, acl/pcl rupture

52
Q

medial meniscus shape

A

C

53
Q

laterla miniscus shape

A

O

54
Q

function of meniscus

A

cushion joint during loading

55
Q

what are the 6 types of meniscus tears?

A

verticle,transverse, peripheral, buckethandle, parrot-beak, flap

56
Q

MOI for meniscus tears

A

plant and twist, contact, wear and tear/degeneration

57
Q

S and S for meniscus tears

A

sharp pain at specific ROM, when rotating/squatting feeling catching, clickign, locking, and swelling

58
Q

ST for meniscus tear

A

McMurrays (patient supine, bend leg internal and external rotation while bending and straightening leg) Apley (patient lies on belly, leg up, rotate leg) duck walk

59
Q

acute managemnt for meniscus tear

A

PIER, NWB, educate

60
Q

is bracing good for meniscus tears

A

bracing is not that effective as it won’t stop rotation BUT It will bring awareness to the area

61
Q

what action does ACL prevent

A

anterior translation of tibia on femur and limits IR of tibia

62
Q

what is MOI for ACL sprain

A

sudden cut or pivot, movement into valgus hyperextension

63
Q

what are S and S of ACL spreain

A

swelling, pain, difficulty/unable to WB< delayed onset bruising

64
Q

special tests for ACL

A

anterior drawer, lachmans, pivot shift

65
Q

acute mangement ACL

A

PIER, NWB, educate

66
Q

PCL sprain MOI

A

hyperflexion forced posterior translation of tibia on femur

67
Q

S and S PCL sprain

A

swelling, extrejme pain, difficulty/unable to weight bear, delayed onset bruising

68
Q

what are special tests for PCL sprain?

A

posterior drawer, Sag sign (does fibula driop when lying on back with knee bent at 90)

69
Q

MCL sprain MOI

A

dirct blow to outside of knee (valgus stress), plant and tiwst (lateral roation of femur on tibia)

70
Q

ST for MCL tear

A

valgus stress

71
Q

acute management for MCL tear

A

PIER, NWB, pressure pads to approx ends

72
Q

LCL sprain MOI

A

varus stress to the knee

73
Q

LCL sprain S and S

A

lateral knee pain, swelling, stiffness

74
Q

ST for LCL

A

varus stress

75
Q

acute managemtn for LCL

A

PIER, NWB,, prssure pad to approx ends

76
Q

what does wipe test test

A

intracapsular swelling

77
Q

what does valgus at 0 test

A

superficial fibers of MCL

78
Q

what does valgus at 30 test

A

deep fibers of MCL

79
Q

what does varus at 0 test

A

superficail (and only) fibers of LCL

80
Q

what does lachmans test

A

ACL

81
Q

what does anterior drawer test

A

ACL

82
Q

what does posterior drawer test

A

PCL

83
Q

what does sag sign test>

A

PCLw

84
Q

what does mcmurrays test

A

meniscus

85
Q

what does apleys test

A

meniscus and ligamentous

KNPE 331 (7 decks)

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