Injuries of Ankle and Foot

Question 1

what are the lateral ligaments of the ankle

Answer 1

ATFL, CFL, PTFL, AITFL, PITFL

Question 2

what are the medial ligaments of the ankle

Answer 2

Deltoid ligament (MCL) and spring ligament

Question 3

what actions does tibialis posterior do?

Answer 3

plantar flexion and inversion

Question 4

what does flexor digitorum longus do?

Answer 4

plantar flexion and toe flexion

Question 5

what does flexor hallicus longus do?

Answer 5

plantar flexion and big toe flexion

Question 6

what does tibialis anterior do?

Answer 6

dorsiflection and inversion

Question 7

what does peroneous longus do?

Answer 7

eversion

Question 8

what does peroneous brevis do

Answer 8

platar flexion and eversion ``

Question 9

where does Achilles attach?

Answer 9

medial calcaneus

Question 10

what action does achilles allow calf muscles to do?

Answer 10

plantar flexion

Question 11

what is the functional movement of the tibilias anterior

Answer 11

to eccentrically lower longitudinal arch - this allows us to slow the foot as it comes down

Question 12

what is the functional movement of the tibilias posterior?

Answer 12

to stabilize the longitudinal arch

Question 13

what is the functional movement of the plantar fascia?

Answer 13

NB for dynamic longitudinal arch support

Question 14

what is the functional movement of the anterior talus?

Answer 14

sets up anatomy for the rest of the chain

Question 15

what is the range of motion of the toes?

Answer 15

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 16

In the ankle, what does the tibiotalar joint allow for?

Answer 16

dorsiflexion (extension) and plantarflexion (flexion)

Question 17

In the ankle, what does the subtalar jont allow for?

Answer 17

pronation and supination

Question 18

what is the method of injury for turf toe?

Answer 18

hyperextension of the big toe - this leads to sprain fo the 1st metatarsal phalngeal joint

Question 19

what are the signs and symptoms for turf toe?

Answer 19

swelling, bruising, pain, loss of toe dorsiflection and ROM, weak hallux flxion

Question 20

what is treatment for turf toe?

Answer 20

ice (within first 24 hours), rest, compression, and immobilization

Question 21

what is MOI for runner’s toe

Answer 21

repeat trauma to end of toes

Question 22

what are signs to symptoms of runners toe?

Answer 22

pain and pressure under the nail, discoloration of the nail

Question 23

what is the MOI for sesamoiditis

Answer 23

repeat trauma to the ball of the foot

Question 24

what is sesamoiditis

Answer 24

sesamoiditis is when tendons become inflamed in the ball of the foot (the bones embedded here become inflammed along with the tendons)

Question 25

what are the signs and symptoms of sesamoiditis

Answer 25

pain over sesamoids, swelling, limited big toe extension, weak/painful flexion

Question 26

what is the MOI for plantar faciitis?

Answer 26

poor biomechanics and overuse

Question 27

what are the signs and symptoms of plantar fasciiitis?

Answer 27

pain along med calcaneus and longitudinal arch, pain with 1st steps in morning, ankle/toe DF stretch pain

Question 28

what is the MOI of bunions?

Answer 28

genetics, poor foot mechanics, tight/narrow footwear

Question 29

what are the signs and symptoms of bunions?

Answer 29

big toe aligns with 2nd toe, tender bump under big toe

Question 30

what is the MOI for tendonitis and shin splints?

Answer 30

poor mechanics, overuse

Question 31

what are some common structures affected by tendonitis and shin splints

Answer 31

peroneal tendons, tibias anterior, achiles

Question 32

what are some signs adn symptoms of shin splints?

Answer 32

over inflamed tissues, pain with running and walking, pain with resisted muscle testign or stretch of affected structure, warm

Question 33

what is MOI for lateral ankle spain?

Answer 33

ankle inversion

Question 34

what are S and S for lateral ankle sprain?

Answer 34

hearing a pop, giving out, swelling, bruising, limpinh

Question 35

what is MOI for medial ankle sprain?

Answer 35

ankle eversion

Question 36

what are some signs and symptoms of medial ankle sprain?

Answer 36

hearing a pop, giving out, swelling, bruising, limping

Question 37

what is MOI for talus fracture?

Answer 37

severe ankle sprain, land from heigh, forced DF

Question 38

what are S and S for talus fracture?

Answer 38

pain with weight bearing, loss of ROM

Question 39

what is MOI for calcaneus fracture

Answer 39

fall/jump from height

Question 40

what are some S and S for calcaneus fracture

Answer 40

extreme pain, unable to weight bear

Question 41

what does drawer sign st test?

Answer 41

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 42

what does talar tilt st test?

Answer 42

calcaneofibular ligament

Question 43

what does eversion talar tilt st test

Answer 43

deltoid ligament

Question 44

what does wedge st test

Answer 44

anterior inferior taibiofibular ligament

Question 45

how do you do a drawer sign test

Answer 45

test fot ATFL
athelete has flex knee, slight plantae flexion, foot off table
stabilize tib fib
hand cusping heel (calcaneus) and draw the calceneus and talus forward and up
should not see any movement in the dimple medial to the fibula

Question 46

how do you do a talar tilt test?

Answer 46

for CFL (or medial ankle sprain if you evert it)
have leg hanging over edge of table
stabilzie tib fib
cusp hand over calcaneus and turn foot into plantarflexion and inversion
if joint gaps or if pain - + test

Question 47

how do you do a wedge test?

Answer 47

this is a test for AITFL
athelete foot in neutral, stabilzie tib fib
othert hand presses talus (heel) up superiorly into joint
pain = positibe test