Non- Systems: Therapeutic Modalities: Electrical Agents: Electrical Stimulation

Question 1

Waveforms: Monophasic

Answer 1

• A unidirectional flow of charged particles
• A current flow in on direction is called a phase
• Has either a positive or negative charge

Question 2

Waveforms: Biphasic

Answer 2

• Bidirectional flow of charged particles
• Half the cycle above baseline and half the cycle below baseline
• One complete cycle=a single pulse
• 0 net charge if symmetrical

Question 3

Waveforms: Polyphasic

Answer 3

• Biphasic modified to produce three or more phases in a single pulse

Question 4

Current Modulation: Continuous

Answer 4

• Current that is uninterrupted

Question 5

Current Modulation: Interrupted

Answer 5

• Intermittent cessation of current flow for less than or equal to one sec

Question 6

Current Modulation: Surge Mode

Answer 6

• Gradual increase and decrease of current over a period

Question 7

Current Modulation: Ramped Mode

Answer 7

• Gradual increase in current intensity that is maintained for a period followed by a gradual decline in current

Question 8

Goals and Indications: Pain Modulation via

Answer 8

• Gait theory

- Inhibition of descending inhibition mechanisms

Question 9

Goals and Indications: Decrease Muscle Spasm: Muscle Fatigue

Answer 9

• Tetanic Contraction Sustained for sever minutes via continuous modulation

Question 10

Goals and Indications: Decrease Muscle Spasm: Muscle Pump

Answer 10

• Interrupted or surge modulation producing rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscle to increase circulation

Question 11

Goals and Indications: Muscle Re-education

Answer 11

• Acts as an active assertive exercise
• Provides proprioceptive feedback
• Assists in coordinated muscle movement

Question 12

Goals and Indications: Wound Healing: Monophasic

Answer 12

• Restoration of electrical charges in wound area
• Bactericidal Effect
• Biochemical effect: Improved metabolism in area of wound

Question 13

Goals and Indications: Wound Healing: Monophasic: Cellular Healing

Answer 13

• Cellular migration due to electrical stimulation
• High volt monophonic pulsed current for wound healing is evidence backed
• Switching polarities periodically is also beneficial for wound healing

Question 14

Goals and Indications: Edema Control

Answer 14

• Muscle pump is typically used

- Pulsed monophonic or biphasic wave forms are typically used to achieve tetany or rhythmic muscle contractions

Question 15

Goals and Indications: Spasticity

Answer 15

• ES can be used to fatigue an agonist muscle and reduce hypertonicity
• Reciprocal inhibition: Stimulate an antagonist and inhibit an agonist

Question 16

Goals and Indications: Denervated Muscle

Answer 16

• Controversial

- Improvements to denervated muscle typically do not persist following cessation of electrical stimulation