Non Ruminant Digestion

Question 1

What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin

Answer 1

Amylose
- unbranded

Amylopectin

• branched
• every 25-30 units

Question 2

Why is glycogen better at releasing glucose

Answer 2

Has more branches more glucose terminals

Question 3

What helps keep amylase soluble

Answer 3

Glycoproteins

Question 4

What does Ca metalloenzyme mean in amylase

Answer 4

Means only activated in presence of Ca

Question 5

What type of hydrolase is amylase

Answer 5

Endohydrolase

Water used to split anywhere on chain

Question 6

Where are di & oligosaccharides digested to monosaccharides.

Answer 6

SI brush border

Question 7

What enzymes are at brush border

Answer 7

Lactase (limiting step)

Sucrase

Maltase

Etc

Question 8

How are monosaccharides absorbed

Answer 8

Secondary active transport

Associated with Na pump

Question 9

What is CHO absorption dependent on

How is this provided

Answer 9

Na in the gut

Most secretions contain Na

Question 10

Describe how the Na/K pump helps CHO absorption

Answer 10

Pump removes Na out of epithelium cells

This creates a -ve surplus

Therefore Na moves down concentration gradient back into cell by carrier protein

Monosaccharide joins and moves with the Na

Question 11

Which monosaccharide does not use the ATP pump for absorption

Answer 11

Fructose

Question 12

Describe the activation of pepsin

Answer 12

Released from glands - pH 7 = pepsinogen

Enters stomach pH falls due to HCL

PH 6 - broken at 42 & 43
- peptide still holds on by weak bonding (N terminus)

Ph 5 - peptide released

Ph4 - digested

Question 13

What are 2 types of proteases

Answer 13

Endoprotease - break peptide in middle

Exoprotease - break AA at end

Question 14

How are proteases released

Why

Answer 14

Inactive zymogens

Prevent auto hydrolysis

Question 15

What side do proteases act on mainly

Answer 15

C terminus

Question 16

See the proteases

Answer 16

3 categories

Question 17

How is chymotrypsinogen activated

Answer 17

By trypsin

Cleaves
To pi chymotrypsinogen

Then auto hydrolysis

To 3 sub units

Question 18

What kind of protease is chymotrypsinogen

Answer 18

Serine

Convalent bond at active site

Question 19

What type of proteases are most endoproteases

Answer 19

Serine

Question 20

How are AA absorbed

Answer 20

Same as CHO

ATP pump dependent

Question 21

What happens to AA (2)

Answer 21

Go to liver or used as carbon skeleton(2)

Question 22

What stimulates activation of lipase

Answer 22

Bile acids

Question 23

What do bile acids do

Answer 23

Emulsify fats making them have larger surface area for lipase

Coat lipids

Question 24

Why do lipids form droplets

Answer 24

Hydrophobic

Question 25

What is the name for molecule that allows transport of lipids

Answer 25

Chylomicrons

Question 26

Where do chylomicrons go

Answer 26

Enter lymphatic a them blood stream then adipose or metabolism

Question 27

What are the 2 important CHO chains in non ruminants

Answer 27

Starch

• amylose
• amylopectin

Glycogen