Non Ruminant Digestion Flashcards
What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin
Amylose
- unbranded
Amylopectin
- branched
- every 25-30 units
Why is glycogen better at releasing glucose
Has more branches more glucose terminals
What helps keep amylase soluble
Glycoproteins
What does Ca metalloenzyme mean in amylase
Means only activated in presence of Ca
What type of hydrolase is amylase
Endohydrolase
Water used to split anywhere on chain
Where are di & oligosaccharides digested to monosaccharides.
SI brush border
What enzymes are at brush border
Lactase (limiting step)
Sucrase
Maltase
Etc
How are monosaccharides absorbed
Secondary active transport
Associated with Na pump
What is CHO absorption dependent on
How is this provided
Na in the gut
Most secretions contain Na
Describe how the Na/K pump helps CHO absorption
Pump removes Na out of epithelium cells
This creates a -ve surplus
Therefore Na moves down concentration gradient back into cell by carrier protein
Monosaccharide joins and moves with the Na
Which monosaccharide does not use the ATP pump for absorption
Fructose
Describe the activation of pepsin
Released from glands - pH 7 = pepsinogen
Enters stomach pH falls due to HCL
PH 6 - broken at 42 & 43
- peptide still holds on by weak bonding (N terminus)
Ph 5 - peptide released
Ph4 - digested
What are 2 types of proteases
Endoprotease - break peptide in middle
Exoprotease - break AA at end
How are proteases released
Why
Inactive zymogens
Prevent auto hydrolysis
What side do proteases act on mainly
C terminus
See the proteases
3 categories
How is chymotrypsinogen activated
By trypsin
Cleaves
To pi chymotrypsinogen
Then auto hydrolysis
To 3 sub units
What kind of protease is chymotrypsinogen
Serine
Convalent bond at active site
What type of proteases are most endoproteases
Serine
How are AA absorbed
Same as CHO
ATP pump dependent
What happens to AA (2)
Go to liver or used as carbon skeleton(2)
What stimulates activation of lipase
Bile acids
What do bile acids do
Emulsify fats making them have larger surface area for lipase
Coat lipids
Why do lipids form droplets
Hydrophobic
What is the name for molecule that allows transport of lipids
Chylomicrons
Where do chylomicrons go
Enter lymphatic a them blood stream then adipose or metabolism
What are the 2 important CHO chains in non ruminants
Starch
- amylose
- amylopectin
Glycogen
