NON-PROTEN NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS Part 1 Flashcards
lecture 1
What are the primary sources of reduced nitrogen that enter the body?
Reduced nitrogen enters the body as dietary amino acids, proteins, and ammonia.
Which enzymes catalyze the synthesis of the amino acids glutamate and glutamine, respectively?
Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the synthesis of glutamate,
while glutamine synthetase is responsible for glutamine synthesis.
What happens to the amino and amide groups from glutamate and glutamine?
These groups are freely transferred to other carbon skeletons through transamination and transamidation reactions.
What term describes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia or nitrogenous compounds?
This process is known as nitrogen assimilation.
Which intermediate of the citric acid cycle undergoes reductive amination with glutamine as the nitrogen donor?
The intermediate is α-ketoglutarate.
What enzyme incorporates nitrogen derived from glutamine into reactions?
Glutamine synthase plays this crucial role
What is the process called when inorganic nitrogen compounds are transformed into organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids?
This process is termed nitrogen assimilation.
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction between glutamate and NH₄⁺ to yield glutamine?
Glutamine synthetase performs this conversion.
What is the oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate called?
This process is known as nitrification.
Which process involves the reduction of nitrate, ultimately producing N₂ through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products?
Denitrification is responsible for this transformation.
after transamination and transamidation reactions what are amino and amide groups from glutamate and glutamine transfered to
to other carbon skeletons
what catalyses the synthesis of amino acids glutamate and glutamine respectively
glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase
Mention 7 NPN compounds of clinical significance
urea, amino acids, uric acid, creatinine, creatine and ammonia
what are the plasma concentrations of the following in plasma, urea, amino acids uric acid, creatinine, creatine and ammonia in %
urea :45-50
amino acids: 25%
uric acid: 10%
creatinine: 5%
creatine : 1-2 %
ammonia: 0.2%
what are the concentrations of the following in urine, urea, amino acids uric acid, creatinine, creatine and ammonia in %
urea :86
uric acid: 1.7
creatinine: 4.5
ammonia: 2.8
