Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the endocrine system
A collection of hormones, carrier proteins and other components involved with the internal secretions and the subsequent interference with biochemical processes
What are hormones
Are chemical substances produced by a specific tissue (organ), cells of an organ or scattered cells
What are the effects of hormones
- Endocrine
- Paracrine
- Autocrine
Define autocrine
Refereto a cell produced substance that has an effect on the cell by which it is secreted
Define paracrine
Refers to a hormone which had effect only in the vicinity of the grand secreting it
Define endocrine
Means grands that secrete hormones directly into the blood
Mention the major endocrine grands
Pituitary grands
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Mention 3 tissues that are considered to secrete hormones
- JG cells of the kidneys
- Thymus
- Pineal grand
Mention the tissues that are considered to secrete hormones
JG cells of the kidneys
Thymus
Pineal grand
GI track
What does JG cells of the kidney produce
Produces erythropoietin
What hormone does thymus produce
Produces a hormone producing substance involved in producing immunological competent lymphocytes
What 3 factors affect hormone secretion
Neuroendocrinal control mechanism
Feedback control mechanism
Endocrine rhythms (infradian, circadian and utradian rhythms)
What are infradian rhythms
Biological rhythms that occur less frequently than once a day such as menstrual cycles or seasonal changes
What are circadian chances
Biological rhythms that occur approximately every 24 hours, such as sleep-wake cycles
What are ultradian rhythms
Biological rhythms that occur more frequently than once a day such as sleep wake cycles or fluctuations in hormone levels
