Non-neoplastic WBC Disorders

Question 1

What are three major general mechanisms of neutropenia?

Answer 1

Decreased myeloid production in bone marrow, ineffective granulopoiesis in bone marrow, increased utilization or destruction in peripheral circulation

Question 2

What are the typical causes of decreased myelopoiesis?

Answer 2

Suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis and bone marrow replacement

Question 3

What are the major causes of ineffective granulopoiesis?

Answer 3

Malnutrition or neoplasm

Question 4

What are the major causes of increased utilization or peripheral destruction of neutrophils?

Answer 4

Infections, autoimmune disease, drugs, and splenic sequestration

Question 5

What are the physiologic/ iatrogenic causes of neutrophilia?

Answer 5

Steroids, colony stimulating factors, stress, and pregnancy

Question 6

What are the pathologic causes of neutrophilia?

Answer 6

Acute infections, non-infectious inflammation, myeloid neoplasia

Question 7

What are the major causes of eosinophilia?

Answer 7

Allergic disorders, drugs, parasites, cutaneous disorders, hematologic malignancy, and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome

Question 8

What are the major causes of monocytosis?

Answer 8

Infection, chronic non-infectious inflammation, hematologic malignancies

Question 9

True or False: Neutrophilia may cause relative lymphopenia.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What morphologic changes can be observed with infection?

Answer 10

Toxic granulation of neutrophils, left shift, and dohle bodies

Question 11

Describe characteristic atypical lymphocyte morphology.

Answer 11

Enlarged lymphocyte that has increase amount of cytoplasm that often has a bluish tint esp. around the periphery

Question 12

What are the clinical features of infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 12

Fatigue, malaise, night sweats, sore throat, dysphagia, anorexia, nausea, headache; lymphadenopathy, fever, pharyngitis, splenomegaly

Question 13

What hematologic finding is the hallmark of infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 13

Atypical circulating lymphocytes

Question 14

What is a leukemoid reaction?

Answer 14

Severe lymphocytosis accompanied by left shift that occurs as a reation to stress or infection

Question 15

What is in a differential diagnosis with a leukemoid reaction? What tests can be used to differentiate?

Answer 15

CML and CMML; LAP scoring or BCR-Abl detection

Question 16

What is Pelger-Huet Anomaly?

Answer 16

Autosomal dominantly inherited neutrophilic hypolobation due to a mutation in lamin B receptor gene

Question 17

What is neutrophilic hypogranulation a fairly specific indicator of?

Answer 17

Neutrophil dysplasia in myelodysplastic syndrome