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01 Hematology > Lymphomas > Flashcards

Lymphomas Flashcards

1
Q

Where are follicles typically located in a normal lymph node?

A

Within the cortex

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2
Q

What is the B cell area of the normal lymph node?

A

Cortex

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3
Q

What is the T cell area of the normal lymphnode?

A

Paracortex

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4
Q

What type of cells line lymph node?

A

Histocytes

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5
Q

What is the plasma cell area of the normal lymph node?

A

Medulla

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6
Q

Where are metastatic carcinomas mostly likely to be found in a lymph node?

A

Subcapsular space

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7
Q

What are the most active part of the lymph node?

A

Germinal Centers

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8
Q

What is the main clinical finding in lymph node disease?

A

Lymph node enlargement

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9
Q

What is lymphadeopathy?

A

Lymph node enlargement

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10
Q

How can consistency be used to distinguish malignant lymphadenopathy from reactive lymphadenopathy?

A

The harder the lymph node the more likely it is malignant

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11
Q

Lymphadenopathy in which lymph nodes is most highly correlated with malignancy?

A

Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy

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12
Q

What are the most common sites of nonspecific acute lymphadenitis?

A

Cervical and Inguinal

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13
Q

What are the causes of nonspecific acute lymphadenitis?

A

Reaction to microbologic agents, systemic viral infections,

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14
Q

What is cat scratch lymphadenitis?

A

Axillary or cervical lymphadenopathy that occurs after infection with bartonelle henselae typically transmitted via cat scratch

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15
Q

What histology is associated with cat scratch lymphadenitis?

A

Stellate microabscesses, necrotizing granulomas

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16
Q

What are the histologic patterns seen in chronic non-specific lymphadenitis?

A

Follicular hyperplasia, paracortical hyperplasia, and sinus histocytosis

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17
Q

What is dermatopathic lymphadenitis?

A

Prototypic example of paracortical hyperplasia of lymphnodes draining chronically irritated skin

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18
Q

What are lymphomas?

A

Proliferation of lymphoid cells in discrete tissue masses

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19
Q

What is the cell lineage of the majority of lymphomas?

A

80-85% B cell origin

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20
Q

True or False: By definition all lymphomas are monoclonal proliferations

A

True

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21
Q

What are the two major categories of lymphoma?

A

Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin

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22
Q

What are the general major differences between Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Hodgkin is typically localized to a single axial group of nodes and spreads in an orderly fashion and rarely involves mesenteric nodes or the Waldeyer ring; NHL has more frequent involvement of multiple peripheral nodes with noncontiguous spread that commonly involves the walderyer ring and mesenteric nodes

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23
Q

What surface antigens are B cell markers?

A

CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79a, surgace Ig

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24
Q

What surface antigens are T cell markers?

A

CD1a, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8

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25
What surface antigens are NK cell markers?
CD2, CD7, CD16, CD56
26
What is the characteristic cytogenetic abnormality in mantle cell lymphoma?
t(11;14)
27
What is the characteristic cytogenetic abnormality in follicular lymphoma?
t(14;18)
28
What is the characteristic cytogenetic abnormality in Burkitt lymphoma?
t(8;14)
29
What is the characteristic cytogenetic abnormality in anaplastic large cell lymphoma?
t(2;5)
30
What is the exception to the generally indolent nature of Mature B-cell neoplasms?
Mantle cell is very aggressive
31
What is the most common leukemia in the modern world?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
32
What surface antigens will be present on CLL cells?
CD5, 19, 20, 22, 23
33
The translocation associated with mantle cell lymphoma causes what cellular event?
Over expression of cyclin D1
34
What is the immunophenotype of Mantle cell lymphoma?
Cd19+, Cd20+, CD5+, CD23-, Cyclin D1+
35
What is the most common NHL in the US?
Follicular lymphoma
36
Is follicular lymphoma more common in men or women?
Women
37
What are the tumor cells in follicular lymphoma?
Centrocytes and centroblasts
38
What is the immunophenotype of Follicular lymphoma?
CD 19+, 20+, 10+, 5-, Bcl2+
39
What is the product of the t(14;18)?
Overexpression of Bcl2
40
What is the origin cell of marginal zone lymphoma?
Memory B cell origin
41
What are the causes of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma?
Chronic inflammatory conditions (infectious- helicobacter pylori; autoimmune- hasimoto's sjogren's
42
What is the immunophenotype of Marginal zone lymphoma?
Cd 19+, 20+, 5-, 10-
43
What two kinds of lymphomas are seen in HIV/AIDS pts? What are the differences in incidence?
Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma, and Burkitt; DLBC is seen in pts with low CD4 counts while burkitts cases are seen in pts with higher CD4 counts
44
What is the malignant nature of Burkitt lymphoma?
Highly aggressive
45
What age population is most at risk for Burkitt's lymphoma?
Children and young adults
46
What are the three different forms of Burkitt Lymphoma?
Endemic, Sporadic, and HIV-related
47
What is the cell type of burkitt lymphoma?
Medium sized B cells
48
What lymphoma is associated with a Starry Sky pattern of histiocytes?
Burkitt Lymphoma
49
What is a Ki67 stain?
Stains cells that are cycling
50
What is the most common translocation in burkitt lymphoma? What is the result of this event?
t(8;14); Over expression of c-myc
51
What is the immunologic marker of T-cell clonality in lymphomas?
There is no immunologic marker specific to T cell clonality- the loss of normally expressed antigens (commonly CD5,-7) implies T cell morphology
52
What are the two categories of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas based on? Which has a poorer prognosis?
Presence/ absence of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase protein indicating a t(2;5)/NPM-ALK; ALK- has poorer prognosis
53
What neoplasia often presents with lethal midline granuloma ?
Extranodal NK/ T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
54
What is the diagnosis of NHL with T cell morphology that doesn't fit the criteria for Extranodal NK/Tcell Lymphoma, Sezary Syndrome, or ALCL?
Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas (PTCL)
55
What paraneoplastic features may be seen in peripheral T cell Lymphoma?
Eosinophilia, Pruritus, Hemophagocytic syndrome
56
What are the 2 distinct types of Hodgkin Lymphoma? Which is the more frequent type?
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant HL and Classic HL (more common)
57
What abnormal cell morphology is seen in nodular lymphocyte predominant HL?
Popcorn cells
58
What is the most important prognostic factor for Classic HL?
Disease Stage
59
What are Reed-Sternberg cells?
Binucleated clonal B cells used to diagnose CHL
60
True or False: Hodgkin Lymphomas are clinically distinct from B cell lymphomas.
True
61
What is the most common subtype of CHL?
Nodular Sclerosis CHL
62
What histologic features characterize Nodular Sclerosis CHL?
Collagen bands and fibrosis in node, lacunar RS cells
63
What subtype of classic hodgkins lymphoma has the best prognosis?
Lymphocyte Rich CHL
64
What is the most aggressive subtype of CHL?
Lymphocyte Depleted CHL
65
What type of CHL is histologically a mixture of lymphocyte, plasma cellsosinophils and RS Cells?
Mixed Cellularity CHL
66
What is the order of CHL subtypes from poorest to best prognosis?
Lymphocyte depleted
67
What are the functions of the spleen?
Phagocytosis of blood cells and particulate matter; Ab production; Hematopoiesis; Reserve pool of blood elements
68
What is DiGeorge Syndrome
Congenital aplasia of the thymus?
69
Thymic hyperplasia is most frequently seen in what condition?
Myasthenia gravis
70
What is the term for thymic epithelial cell neoplasms ? Malignant thymic neoplasms?
Thymomas; Thymic carcinoma
71
What are histiocytoses?
Proliferation of dendritic cells, macrophages, or monocyte-derived cells
72
What condition is associated with Birbeck granules?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis

01 Hematology (16 decks)

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