Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Actinic Keratosis Subtypes

A

Acantholytic AK, Bowenoid AK, Lichenoid AK, Atrophic AK, Hypertrophic AK, Pigmented AK, Actinic Cheilitis, Cutaneous Horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

AK Treatment Options

A

Cryotherapy, 5-FU, imiquimod, chemical peels, PDT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bowen’s Disease variants

A

Atrophic, Verrucous, Pigmented, Pagetoid, Erythroplasia of Queyrat (on glans penis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Erythroplasia of Queyrat

A

Bowen’s Disease of glans penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bowen’s Disease treatment options

A

Excision, C&E, PDT, Cryosurgery, imiquimod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SCC sites with high risk of metastasis

A

Lip or ear (10-20%), recurrent SCCs (up to 30%), arising within scars/chronic ulcers, perineural invasion, poor differentiation on histology, immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fold Increase Risk of SCC in organ transplant patients

A

65-fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

KA centrifugum marginatum

A

KA that may reach several centimeters in diameter, concomitant expansion of border and central healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Giant KA

A

rapid enlargement of nodule to several centimeters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ferguson-Smith type

A

sudden-onset of multiple KAs in childhood which will slowly resolve on their own; autosomal dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

KA of Grzybowski type

A

sudden onset of multiple KAs in adulthood (eruptive pattern); very pruritis; mask like facial appearance due to thickened face skin; +Ectropion (drooping lower eyelids w/ retraction); hoarseness due to nodules on larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fold Increase Risk of BCC in organ transplant patients

A

10-fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Variants of BCC

A

Nodular, Superficial, Morpheaform, Basosquamous, Micronodular, Adenoid, Cystic, Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus

A

BCC variant appearing as pink plaque or smooth nodule on lower back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common BCC metastatic sites

A

Lymph nodes and lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment options for BCC

A

Excision, Mohs, C&E, RT, topical imiquimod (superficial BCCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Merkel Cell Carcinoma 5-year mortality

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Merkel Cell Metastasis rate at time of diagnosis

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Immunohistochemistry markers for Merkel Cell Carcinoma

A

CK20+, CK8/18/19 (CAM 5.2)+, chromogranin+, somatostatin+, calcitonin+, synaptophysin+, VIP+, neuron-specific enolase+

20
Q

Merkel Cell Carcinoma treatment

A

Wide local excision (3cm margins) often with adjuvant chemo and/or radiation; sentinel node biopsy

21
Q

Mutation in BCC (and role in pathway)

A

Patched- 12 transmembrane protein that binds to Smoothened (7 transmembrane G-protein) to prevent constitutive activation of Gli (also Bcl2 and TGF beta)

22
Q

6 Hallmarks of Cancer

A

(1) self sufficiency in regards to growth signals
(2) insensitivity to anti-growth signals
(3) evasion of apoptosis
(4) limitless replicative potential
(5) sustained angiogenesis
(6) tissue invasion and metastasis

23
Q

5-FU Mechanism

A

Blocks methylation reaction of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid, thus interfering with DNA/RNA synthesis

24
Q

Ingenol mebutate mechanism

A

Hydrophobic diterpene ester (from plant Euphorbia peplus); induces mitochondrial swelling leading to cell death of keratinocytes by necrosis

25
Q

Mechanism of Diclofenac in hyaluronic acid

A

NSAID that inhibits COX2 and reduces prostaglandin synthesis (thought to be increased in exposed skin)

26
Q

Mechanism of PDT with ALA

A

Application of ALA leads to formation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which can be irradiated with certain wavelengths, leading to reactive singlet oxygen formation

27
Q

FAMMM Syndrome mutation

A

some cases…CDKN2A (p14ARF, p16); screen patients if 3 or more MM OR if 1 MM with family history (2 affected with MM or 1 pancreatic cancer)

28
Q

3 wavelengths of UVR

A

UVC: 200-290nm; extremely mutagenic; mostly filtered out by atmosphere
UVB: 290-320nm; most important to carcinogenesis
UVA: 320-400; less potent mutagen but greater intensity than B so important

29
Q

UVB mutagenesis

A

formation of cis-syn diastereomers of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine [6-4] pyridimidine adducts; both C–>T and CC–>TT at sequences with adjacent pyrmidine residuces (signature of UV-induced mutagenesis)

30
Q

UVA mutagenesis

A

mediated through action of reactive oxygen species; T–> G transversions

31
Q

Imiquimod mechanism

A

activates TLR7 and TLR8 leading to increased expression of NFKb

32
Q

Bowenoid papulosis and associated infectious etiology

A

Verrucous papules/plaques (2-3mm) on penis or external femal genitalia; associated w HPV 16 or HPV 18

33
Q

5 risk factors for leukoplakia transformation to SCC

A

Verrucous appearance, ulceration, presence of inlying nodule, induration, and presence on anterior floor of mouth or underside of tongue

34
Q

Differential for Spindle Cell Skin Neoplasm

A

“SLAM”; SCC, leiomyoma, AFX, melanoma

35
Q

Oral florid papillomatosis

A

HPV 11; verrucous carcinoma seen in mouth of elderly males and associated with tobacco use

36
Q

Buschke-Lowenstein tumor

A

HPV 6, 11; giant condyloma acuminata

37
Q

Epithelium cuniculatum

A

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18; verrucous carcinoma on plantar feet of elderly men

38
Q

Muir-Torre Syndrome

A

KA, sebaceous neoplasms, and GI tumors; mutation of DNA mismatch repair genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2; autosomal dominant

39
Q

Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome

A

AD; Patched mutation; Multiple BCCs, palmar/plantar pits, skeletal abnormalities (increased head circ, frontal bossing, mild hypertelorism, rib abn, shortening of 4th metacarpal, jaw cysts- odontogenic keratocysts, calcification of flax cerebri); other neoplasms: medulloblastoma, ovarian fibromas, mesenteric cysts, meningiomas, fibrosarcomas, cardiac fibromas, ovarian desmoids

40
Q

DDx for small round blue cell tumors

A

LEMMMONS: lymphoma, Ewings, Merkel cell, melanoma, metastasis, oat cell lung ca, neuroblastoma, small cell neuroendocrine tumor

41
Q

Bazex Syndrome

A

B (BCCs), A (Atrophoderma), Z (zero hair), E (eccrine abn; anhidrosis), X (X-linked dominant)

42
Q

Rombo Syndrome

A

similar to Bazex; KP-like lesions on face (atrophoderma vermiculatum), hypotrichosis, blepharitis, milia, peripheral vasodilation with cyanosis, multiple BCCs

43
Q

Huriez syndrome

A

high risk cutaneous SCC and GI tumors; sclerodactyly, nail anomalies, and PPK

44
Q

Xeroderma Pigmentosa

A

SCC=BCC>melanoma; AR; defect in DNA repair enzymes (XPA, XPC, and XPV); assoc with neuro abn and internal malignancies

45
Q

Epidermadysplasia Verruciformis

A

AR; EVER1/EVER2; predisposes to widespread HPV infection; most common HPV 3, 5, 8; nail dystrophy +/- hyperkeratosis of plams/soles; can get early-onset SCCs

Dermatology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions