Nails Flashcards
Beau’s Lines
- Transverse depression in nail plate surface
- Assoc: severe systemic event; trauma/disease of matrix
Hapalonychia
-Soft nail plate
Koilonychia
- (spoon nails)
- thin, concave nails w/ eversion of free nail edge
- Assoc: hereditary, physiologic (children), iron deficiency, thyroid abnormality
Leukonychia, diffuse
- opaque or completely white nail plate
- Assoc. chemotherapy, white superficial onychomycosis, congenital disease
Leukonychia, punctate
- white macules on nail plate
- Assoc: psoriasis, trauma to matrix
Leukonychia, transverse
- narrow white transverse lines along nail plate
- Assoc: trauma to matrix
Mee’s Lines
- tranverse lines of entire nail breadth in all nails
- Assoc: arsenic poisoning, trauma, medications, severe illness, psoriasis (flare)
Onychomadesis
- detachment of nail plate from proximal nail fold –> shedding of nail
- Assoc: traumatic, medications (chemo), drug reaction (TEN), autoimmune diseases, systemic illness
Onychorhexxis
-longitudinal ridging +/- fissuring of plate
_Assoc: lichen planus, chronic trauma, repeated wet/dry cycles, NORMAL WITH AGING
Pitting
- punctate depression of nail plate surface (elkonyxis= large 2mm pits)
- Assoc: psoriasis, alopecia areata, eczema
Red lunula
- pink to red spots within lunula
- Assoc: alopecia areata, RA, LE, CHF, CO poisoning
Trachyonychia
- aka 20 nail dystrophy
- rough, thinned nails with longitudinal ridging
- Assoc: alopecia areata, lichen planus, psoriasis, eczema
Apparent leukonychia
- white discoloration (fades w/ pressure); nail plate looks white but normal color
- Assoc: drugs (chemo) or systemic disease
Oil spots
- brown spots under nail plate
- Assoc: psoriasis
Onycholysis
- white discoloration at distal end where nail plate separated from bed
- Assoc: psoriasis, trauma, onychomycosis, medications (TCN, NSAID, PUVA), tumors, systemic diseases (hyperthyroidism), pregnancy
Splinter hemorrhages
- thin, longitudinal red-brown lines along nail plate
- Assoc: trauma, psoriasis, fungal (distal), endocarditits, vasculitis, trichinosis (proximal)
Half and half nails
- aka Lindsay’s nails)
- proximal halfe with white zone, distal half w/ red-brown zone
- Assoc: chronic renal disease
Hutchinson’s sign
- periungual black discoloration
- Assoc: melanoma
Muehrcke’s bands
- transverse white bands parallel to lunula
- Assoc: hypoalbuminemia, chemotherapy
Melanonychia
- partial or diffuse
- Assoc: drugs, melanoma, Laugier-Hunziker
Longitudinal melanonychia
- aka melanonychia striata
- vertical brown-black band (proximal to distal margin)
- Assoc: nevus, lentigo, drugs, trauma, melanoma
Terry’s nails
- proximal 2/3 white nail color, distal 1/3 brown-pink band
- Assoc: cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes, cardiac disease
Absent Lunula
- no visible lunula
- Assoc: yellow nail syndrome, renal failure, trauma
Anonychia
- absence of nail
- Assoc: nail patella syndroem, COIF (congenital onychodysplasia of the index finger), scarring
Blue lunula
- blue discoloration of lunula
- Assoc: Wilson’s, drugs, PUVA, argyria, etc
Brachyonychia
- short, wide nails
- Assoc: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, psoriasis
Clubbing
- increase nail curvature w/ bulbous grwoth of tip of digit
- Assoc: chronic pulmonary disease, idiopathic, familial, systemic disease
Dolichonychia
- long nails
- Assoc: Marfans, Ehlers Danlos, etc
Dorsal pterygium
- wing-like growth fusing PNF w/ nail bed/matrix
- Assoc: lichen planus, epidermal bullosa, TEN, GVHD, TEN, cicatricial pemphigoid
Habit tic deformity
- parallel horizontal grooves
- Assoc: caused by repetitive trauma to cuticle
Macronychia
- large nails
- Assoc: congenital abnormality
Median canaliform dystrophy
- inverted ‘fir tree’ (oblique lines from midline defect)
- Assoc: idiopathic or inherited
Micronychia
- small nails
- Assoc: congenital defect (ie COIF- congenital onychodysplasia of the index finger)
Onychauxis
- hypertrophic nail plate
- Assoc: may be due to chronic trauma
Onychoatrophy
- reduction in size and thicness of nail plate
- Assoc: LP vascular insufficiency, systemic disorders, medications
Onychocryptosis
-ingrown nail
Onychogryphosis
- grossly thickened and long nail, resembling claw
- Assoc: inability to cut toenails, long-term pressure (shoes), neglect
Onychophagia
-nail biting
-Onychoschizia
- lamellar nail splitting
- distal lamellar separation into horizontal layers
Onychotillomania
-chronic picking of nail
Pachyonychia
- thickened nails
- Assoc: pachyonychia congenita
Pincer nails
- overcurvature lateral portion
- Assoc: pressure (ill-fitting shoes), hereditary
Platyonychia
- flat nail
- Assoc: inherited or acquired
Racket nails
- distal phalanx short/wide
- Assoc: form of brachyonychia
Subungual exostosis
- painful, bony subungual growth elevating nail plate
- Assoc: form of brachyonychia
Triangular lunula
- triangular shape of lunula
- Assoc: nail-patella syndrome
Ventral pterygium
- aka Pterygium inversum unguis
- fusion of hyponychium to distal nail plate
- Assoc: familial, trauma, systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematosis
Yellow nails
- yellow color to nail plate
- Assoc: yellow nail syndrome, drugs, chronic enamel
Yellow nail syndrome
-pulmonary disorder + lymphedema + yellow, slow growing nails with absent lunulae
V-shaped nicking
- V-shaped nick at free margin
- Assoc: Darier disease
