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Dermatology > Nails > Flashcards

Nails Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Beau’s Lines

A
  • Transverse depression in nail plate surface

- Assoc: severe systemic event; trauma/disease of matrix

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2
Q

Hapalonychia

A

-Soft nail plate

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3
Q

Koilonychia

A
  • (spoon nails)
  • thin, concave nails w/ eversion of free nail edge
  • Assoc: hereditary, physiologic (children), iron deficiency, thyroid abnormality
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4
Q

Leukonychia, diffuse

A
  • opaque or completely white nail plate

- Assoc. chemotherapy, white superficial onychomycosis, congenital disease

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5
Q

Leukonychia, punctate

A
  • white macules on nail plate

- Assoc: psoriasis, trauma to matrix

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6
Q

Leukonychia, transverse

A
  • narrow white transverse lines along nail plate

- Assoc: trauma to matrix

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7
Q

Mee’s Lines

A
  • tranverse lines of entire nail breadth in all nails

- Assoc: arsenic poisoning, trauma, medications, severe illness, psoriasis (flare)

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8
Q

Onychomadesis

A
  • detachment of nail plate from proximal nail fold –> shedding of nail
  • Assoc: traumatic, medications (chemo), drug reaction (TEN), autoimmune diseases, systemic illness
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9
Q

Onychorhexxis

A

-longitudinal ridging +/- fissuring of plate

_Assoc: lichen planus, chronic trauma, repeated wet/dry cycles, NORMAL WITH AGING

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10
Q

Pitting

A
  • punctate depression of nail plate surface (elkonyxis= large 2mm pits)
  • Assoc: psoriasis, alopecia areata, eczema
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11
Q

Red lunula

A
  • pink to red spots within lunula

- Assoc: alopecia areata, RA, LE, CHF, CO poisoning

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12
Q

Trachyonychia

A
  • aka 20 nail dystrophy
  • rough, thinned nails with longitudinal ridging
  • Assoc: alopecia areata, lichen planus, psoriasis, eczema
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13
Q

Apparent leukonychia

A
  • white discoloration (fades w/ pressure); nail plate looks white but normal color
  • Assoc: drugs (chemo) or systemic disease
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14
Q

Oil spots

A
  • brown spots under nail plate

- Assoc: psoriasis

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15
Q

Onycholysis

A
  • white discoloration at distal end where nail plate separated from bed
  • Assoc: psoriasis, trauma, onychomycosis, medications (TCN, NSAID, PUVA), tumors, systemic diseases (hyperthyroidism), pregnancy
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16
Q

Splinter hemorrhages

A
  • thin, longitudinal red-brown lines along nail plate

- Assoc: trauma, psoriasis, fungal (distal), endocarditits, vasculitis, trichinosis (proximal)

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17
Q

Half and half nails

A
  • aka Lindsay’s nails)
  • proximal halfe with white zone, distal half w/ red-brown zone
  • Assoc: chronic renal disease
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18
Q

Hutchinson’s sign

A
  • periungual black discoloration

- Assoc: melanoma

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19
Q

Muehrcke’s bands

A
  • transverse white bands parallel to lunula

- Assoc: hypoalbuminemia, chemotherapy

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20
Q

Melanonychia

A
  • partial or diffuse

- Assoc: drugs, melanoma, Laugier-Hunziker

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21
Q

Longitudinal melanonychia

A
  • aka melanonychia striata
  • vertical brown-black band (proximal to distal margin)
  • Assoc: nevus, lentigo, drugs, trauma, melanoma
22
Q

Terry’s nails

A
  • proximal 2/3 white nail color, distal 1/3 brown-pink band

- Assoc: cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes, cardiac disease

23
Q

Absent Lunula

A
  • no visible lunula

- Assoc: yellow nail syndrome, renal failure, trauma

24
Q

Anonychia

A
  • absence of nail

- Assoc: nail patella syndroem, COIF (congenital onychodysplasia of the index finger), scarring

25
Q

Blue lunula

A
  • blue discoloration of lunula

- Assoc: Wilson’s, drugs, PUVA, argyria, etc

26
Q

Brachyonychia

A
  • short, wide nails

- Assoc: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, psoriasis

27
Q

Clubbing

A
  • increase nail curvature w/ bulbous grwoth of tip of digit

- Assoc: chronic pulmonary disease, idiopathic, familial, systemic disease

28
Q

Dolichonychia

A
  • long nails

- Assoc: Marfans, Ehlers Danlos, etc

29
Q

Dorsal pterygium

A
  • wing-like growth fusing PNF w/ nail bed/matrix

- Assoc: lichen planus, epidermal bullosa, TEN, GVHD, TEN, cicatricial pemphigoid

30
Q

Habit tic deformity

A
  • parallel horizontal grooves

- Assoc: caused by repetitive trauma to cuticle

31
Q

Macronychia

A
  • large nails

- Assoc: congenital abnormality

32
Q

Median canaliform dystrophy

A
  • inverted ‘fir tree’ (oblique lines from midline defect)

- Assoc: idiopathic or inherited

33
Q

Micronychia

A
  • small nails

- Assoc: congenital defect (ie COIF- congenital onychodysplasia of the index finger)

34
Q

Onychauxis

A
  • hypertrophic nail plate

- Assoc: may be due to chronic trauma

35
Q

Onychoatrophy

A
  • reduction in size and thicness of nail plate

- Assoc: LP vascular insufficiency, systemic disorders, medications

36
Q

Onychocryptosis

A

-ingrown nail

37
Q

Onychogryphosis

A
  • grossly thickened and long nail, resembling claw

- Assoc: inability to cut toenails, long-term pressure (shoes), neglect

38
Q

Onychophagia

A

-nail biting

39
Q

-Onychoschizia

A
  • lamellar nail splitting

- distal lamellar separation into horizontal layers

40
Q

Onychotillomania

A

-chronic picking of nail

41
Q

Pachyonychia

A
  • thickened nails

- Assoc: pachyonychia congenita

42
Q

Pincer nails

A
  • overcurvature lateral portion

- Assoc: pressure (ill-fitting shoes), hereditary

43
Q

Platyonychia

A
  • flat nail

- Assoc: inherited or acquired

44
Q

Racket nails

A
  • distal phalanx short/wide

- Assoc: form of brachyonychia

45
Q

Subungual exostosis

A
  • painful, bony subungual growth elevating nail plate

- Assoc: form of brachyonychia

46
Q

Triangular lunula

A
  • triangular shape of lunula

- Assoc: nail-patella syndrome

47
Q

Ventral pterygium

A
  • aka Pterygium inversum unguis
  • fusion of hyponychium to distal nail plate
  • Assoc: familial, trauma, systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematosis
48
Q

Yellow nails

A
  • yellow color to nail plate

- Assoc: yellow nail syndrome, drugs, chronic enamel

49
Q

Yellow nail syndrome

A

-pulmonary disorder + lymphedema + yellow, slow growing nails with absent lunulae

50
Q

V-shaped nicking

A
  • V-shaped nick at free margin

- Assoc: Darier disease

Dermatology (17 decks)

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