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Unit 3: Pharm (drugs only) > Non-Medical CNS Drugs > Flashcards

Non-Medical CNS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and inhalants are all agonists of what receptor?

A

GABA-A

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2
Q

Name the substance associated with each “alcohol”: methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol.

A

Methyl alcohol = windshield washer antifreeze
Ethylene glycol = automotive antifreeze
Isopropyl alcohol = rubbing alcohol

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3
Q

Methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol can all cause acidosis and CNS problems. Give another effect associated with poisoning by each substance.

A

Methyl alcohol: blindness
Ethylene glycol: nephrotoxicity
Isopropyl alcohol: gastritis

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4
Q

What enzyme does fomepizole inhibit, that makes it ideal for treating methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol poisoning? What is an alternative antidote?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase; could also give ethyl alcohol (ex. vodka) and bicarbonate

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5
Q

What enzyme does disulfiram (Antabuse) inhibit, that makes it ideal for ethanol aversion therapy? What molecule accumulates in the body?

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase; acetaldehyde

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6
Q

N-acetylcysteine is used to treat what kind of overdose? What molecule does it regenerate (by supplying sulfhydryl groups) in order to improve microcirculation and decrease inflammation?

A

Acetominophen overdose; regenerates glutathione

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7
Q

What receptor does flunitrazepam act on, and is it an agonist or antagonist? What is the common name for this drug?

A

GABA-A agonist; “roofies” or date rape drug

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8
Q

What is the major neurotransmitter that is upregulated by cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine?

A

Dopamine

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9
Q

Adderall, Ritalin, Benzedrine, and Desoxyn are all derivatives/analogs of what CNS stimulant?

A

Amphetamine

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10
Q

Ephedrine, cathinone, and MDMA are all derivatives/analogs of what CNS stimulant?

A

Amphetamine

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11
Q

Give the molecular action for cocaine, including the 3 neurotransmitters it affects.

A

Inhibits reuptake of dopamine, NE, and 5HT

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12
Q

Give the molecular action for the amphetamines, including the 3 neurotransmitters they affect.

A

Release of DA, NE, and 5HT from nerve terminals (indirect sympathomimetic effect)

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13
Q

Methyxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine are all related to what CNS stimulant, an antagonist at adenosine “purinergic” receptors?

A

Caffeine

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14
Q

Theophylline, a methyxanthine derivative, is used to treat what disease?

A

Asthma (relieves bronchoconstriction and reduces inflammation)

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15
Q

What is the difference between cocaine and “crack”? Give 3 side effects that can be caused by either substance.

A

“Cocaine” actually refers to cocaine HCl, while “crack” refers to the free base; can cause sympathetic effects, paranoia, and aggression

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16
Q

Amphetamine is approved to treat what 2 diseases?

A

ADHD and narcolepsy

17
Q

Not that this really matters, but “speedball” refers to a combo of what 2 drugs?

A

Cocaine and heroin

18
Q

Nicotine activates what receptors in what part of the brain, and what neurotransmitter is released as a result?

A

nACh receptors in the VTA (ventral tegmental area), causing DA release

19
Q

What receptors in the brain does heroin affect, and is it an agonist or antagonist?

A

Mu opioid receptor agonist

20
Q

What receptors in the brain does nalmefene affect, and is it an agonist or antagonist?

A

Mu opioid receptor antagonist (used to treat alcoholism)

21
Q

Mescaline and psilocybin share cross tolerance with what “model hallucinogen”?

A

LSD

22
Q

LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin all activate what receptors in what part of the brain, and what neurotransmitter is released as a result?

A

5HT-2a receptors in the Raphe nucleus, causing dopamine release (by decreasing Raphe inhibition of DA release)

23
Q

What family of drugs acts on the CB1 and CB2 receptors, and what kind of receptors are these?

A

Marijuana / cannabis / THC drugs; CB1 and CB2 are the cannabinoid GPCRs

24
Q

Name the endogenous cannabinoid that is believe to regulate energy balance, lipid and glucose metabolism, and food intake via CB1 receptors.

A

Anandamide

25
Q

Dronabinol and nabilone are synthetic versions of what recreational drug? What are 3 therapeutic uses for these drugs?

A

Marijuana; used for anti-emesis, anti-nausea, and anti-anorexia

26
Q

What “schedule” are the following drugs rated: LSD, marijuana, dronabinol, nabilone

A

Schedule I: LSD and marijuana
Schedule II: nabilone
Schedule III: dronabinol

27
Q

Phencyclidine/PCP is what kind of an anesthetic? What 2 neuroreceptors does it affect and is it an agonist or antagonist at each?

A

Dissociative anesthetic

NMDA receptor antagonist, mu opioid receptor agonist

28
Q

Comparing MDMA vs. MPTP: which one is “China white” and which is “Ecstasy”? What chemical is each one derived from?

A 
MDMA = Ecstasy, derived from amphetamine
MPTP = China White, fentanyl derivative
29
Q

Comparing MDMA vs. MPTP: which one causes side effects of dehydration, hyperthermia, hypertension, intracerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmias, and paranoia?

A

MDMA (MPTP causes full-blown Parkinson’s due to substantia nigra damage)

30
Q

What drug acts like a combination of amphetamine, LSD, and fluoxetine (Prozac)?

A

MDMA (Ecstasy)

31
Q

Comparing LSD vs. PCP: patients on which drug are susceptible to suggestion and can be “talked down” from their anxiety? How should patients on the other drug be treated?

A

LSD responds to talking; PCP required isolation and diazepam (or haloperidol) administration

32
Q

Comparing LSD vs. PCP: which one would you rather overdose on?

A

LSD (there are no recorded human overdose deaths)

33
Q

What are 2 therapeutic uses for cocaine?

A

Topical anesthetic for the URT, and combined vasoconstriction + local anesthetic

34
Q

Aliphatic nitrites are an inhalant that can cause what therapeutic effect in the body, to treat what disease?

A

Vasodilation, which treats angina (the Viagra-like effects aren’t really “therapeutic”)

Unit 3: Pharm (drugs only) (12 decks)

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