Neuroleptics / Anti-Psychotics Flashcards

1
Q

What class of drugs do chlorpromazine and haloperidol belong to, and what 2 diseases are they used to treat?

A

First generation anti-psychotics; for schizophrenia and Huntington’s

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2
Q

What class of drugs do fluphenazine, trifluoperazine, and perphenazine belong to, and what disease are they used to treat?

A

First generation anti-psychotics; schizophrenia (fluphenazine also treats movement disorders in Huntington’s)

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3
Q

What class of drugs do thioridizine, thiothixine, and loxapine belong to, and what disease are they used to treat?

A

First generation anti-psychotics; schizophrenia

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4
Q

What is the most important side effect shared by all the first generation anti-psychotics? Describe this syndrome.

A

NMS: muscle + ANS + brain problems
(Muscle rigidity, cramps, tremors, rhabdomyolysis, elevated serum creatine kinase and WBCs; malignant hyperthermia, autonomic instability, diaphoresis; and cognitive changes, catatonia, stupor)

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the first generation anti-psychotics?

A

Dopamine receptor antagonism leading to catalepsy (trance, muscle rigidity, lack of voluntary movement)

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6
Q

Of the first generation anti-psychotics, which three are used to treat movement disorders in Huntington’s disease (in addition to schizophrenia)?

A

Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine and haloperidol

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7
Q

In addition to NMS, what are 4 side effects of the first generation anti-psychotics?

A

EPS, tardive dyskinesias, hyperprolactinemia, and sexual dysfunction (all related to DA depletion)

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8
Q

Which anti-phychotic drugs are generally effective at treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia and mania but not negative symptoms?

A

All first generation anti-psychotics

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9
Q

There are two subclasses of second generation anti-psychotics; what are they?

A

Tricyclic and non-tricyclic

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10
Q

What kind of drugs are clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine?

A

Tricyclic second generation anti-psychotics

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11
Q

What kind of drugs are risperidone, ziprazidone, paliperidone,and aripiprazole?

A

Non-tricyclic second generation anti-psychotics

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12
Q

Clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprazidone, and paliperidone all belong to what class of drugs, and all act on what receptors?

A

They are all 2nd gen anti-psychotics; D2 and 5HT-2 receptors (antagonists)

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13
Q

Which second generation anti-psychotic is the active metabolite of risperidone after P450 metabolism?

A

Paliperidone

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14
Q

Which second generation antipsychotic is a partial D2 and D3 receptor agonist, 5HT-1a agonist, and 5HT-2a antagonist?

A

Aripiprazole

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15
Q

How effective is aripiprazole for treating schizophrenia? What other condition is it used to treat?

A

Not as effective as other first or second generation anti-psychotics for schizophrenia; used to treat severe bipolar disease

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16
Q

Which neuroleptic is used for treatment-resistant psychoses (including schizophrenia), decreases risk of suicide, and can be used in pregnancy? What is the only other neuroleptic that can be used in pregnant women (because it is also FDA class B)?

A

Clozapine; lurasidone

17
Q

Of the following SGAs, which can cause somnolence and which can cause insomnia: olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, paliperidone, and ziprazidone?

A

Somnolence: olanzapine, quetiapine, and ziprazidone
Insomnia: risperidone, paliperidone

18
Q

What anti-psychotic drug will not cause catalepsy, but has other dangerous side effects including agranulocytosis, seizures, and myocarditis?

A

Clozapine

19
Q

What class of drugs do asenapine, lurasidone, and iloperidone belong to?

A

Atypical anti-psychotics

20
Q

Which class of SGAs causes more metabolic side effects: tricyclics or non-tricyclics?

A

The tricyclics have more metabolic side effects (ex. weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes)

21
Q

If a schizophrenia patient suddenly presents with NMS, what drug should they be given to provide dopaminergic agonism, and what drug should they be given to cause muscle relaxation?

A

Bromocriptine; dantrolene

22
Q

Which SGA is the most likely to cause EPS side effects, and which is the least likely?

A

Risperidone; clozapine

23
Q

Which 2 SGAs should be avoided in people with mild heart blocks, because they could exacerbate the problem?

A

Paliperidone and ziprazidone (can prolong QTc interval)