Drugs for Alzheimer's Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the molecular action of donepezil. What kind of Alzheimer’s is it used to treat?

A

Inhibits AChE; treats mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer’s

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2
Q

Describe the molecular action of galantamine. What kind of Alzheimer’s is it used to treat?

A

Inhibits AChE; treats mild to moderate Alzheimer’s

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3
Q

Describe the molecular action of rivastigmine. What kind of Alzheimer’s is it used to treat?

A

Inhibits AChE and BuChE; treats mild to moderate Alzheimer’s

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4
Q

Describe the molecular action of tacrine. What kind of Alzheimer’s is it used to treat?

A

Inhibits AChE and BuChE; previously used for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s, but is now used very rarely

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5
Q

Describe the molecular action of memantine. What kind of Alzheimer’s is it used to treat?

A

NMDA receptor antagonist; treats mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer’s

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6
Q

Besides treating Alzheimer’s, donepezil and rivastigmine could also be used to treat what 3 CNS diseases?

A

Parkinson’s, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia

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7
Q

Besides treating Alzheimer’s, galantamine and memantine could also be used to treat what CNS disease?

A

Vascular dementia

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8
Q

Describe the metabolism and excretion of donepezil.

A

Metabolized by P450, excreted in urine

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9
Q

Describe the metabolism and excretion of galantamine.

A

Metabolized by P450, excreted in urine

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10
Q

Describe the metabolism and excretion of rivastigmine.

A

Hydrolyzed by cholinesterases, excreted in urine

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11
Q

Describe the metabolism and excretion of memantine.

A

Not metabolized, excreted unchanged in urine

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12
Q

Give 2 reasons why tacrine is now rarely used to treat Alzheimer’s.

A

Hepatotoxicity and has to be taken 4x/day

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13
Q

Which Alzheimer’s drug can be given as a transdermal patch? List 2 advantages of the patch compared to a pill.

A

Rivastigmine; better compliance and fewer side effects (ex. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)

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