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HNC Animal Care (SRUC) > Non-Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Non-Infectious Diseases Flashcards

Explain the Clinical Signs, Treatment, Prevention, Control and Prognosis of each disease!

1
Q

Give three clinical signs of DIABETES

A
  • Increased urination/drinking/appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Lethargy
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2
Q

Give four types of Treatment for DIABETES

A
  • Dietary Control
  • Daily insulin (12 hrs apart after food!)
  • Monitor Blood Glucose
  • Spaying
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3
Q

Give Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for DIABETES

A

Prevention/Control:

  • Can’t prevent!
  • Reduce risk by feeding the correct diet and not overfeeding!

Prognosis:
Fair>Guarded, depends on owner compliance and if animal responds well. There is a risk of insulin overdose when owners aren’t careful!

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4
Q

Give four clinical signs of HYPERTHYROIDISM

A
  • Increased drinking/urination/appetite
  • Swollen thyroid gland
  • Increased Heart Rate
  • Poor coat condition
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5
Q

Give three types of treatment for HYPERTHYROIDISM

A
  • Daily oral meds (taken lifelong or to stabilise animal for surgery, controls hormone levels)
  • Radioactive Iodine injection to cure the condition
  • Surgical removal of glands under anaesthetic
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6
Q

Give Prevention/Control measures and Prognosis for HYPERTHYROIDISM

A

Prevention/Control

  • Can’t prevent!
  • Dietary management (extremely low iodine diet)

Prognosis:
Good, very easy to treat

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7
Q

Give four clinical signs for HYPOTHYROIDISM

A
  • Hyper-pigmentation
  • Hair loss
  • Greasy/dull coat
  • Lethargy
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8
Q

Give two treatments for HYPOTHYROIDISM

A
  • Lifelong oral meds to control hormones

- Regular monitoring of thyroid as the dose of medication changes over time

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9
Q

Give the Prevention/Control measures and Prognosis for HYPOTHYROIDISM

A

Prevention/Control:
- Can’t prevent as the cause of Hypothyroidism is unclear

Prognosis:
- Good as it is not life threatening

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10
Q

Give five clinical signs for HYPERADRENOCORTISM (Cushing’s Disease)

A
  • Increased drinking/urination/appetite
  • Pot-bellied abdomen
  • Muscle wastage
  • Hair loss
  • Loss of skin elasticity
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11
Q

Give three treatments for HYPERADRENOCORTISM (Cushing’s Disease)

A
  • Lifelong oral meds to inhibit excess cortisol production
  • Radiotherapy (rarely used as it is a specialist treatment)
  • Surgical Removal of gland/tumour:
    Malignant = very high risk surgery
    Adrenal Gland = High risk, specialist surgery
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12
Q

Give five clinical signs of PERMETHRIN POISONING

Cat reaction to Flea Collars

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hyperthermia
  • Muscle Tremors
  • Ataxia
  • Seizures
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13
Q

Give five treatments for PERMETHRIN POISONING

Cat reaction to Flea Collars

A
  • Remove from skin (prevent cat licking off)
  • IV Fluids
  • Anti-convulsants
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Euthanasia if severe
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14
Q

Give four Prevention/control measures and the Prognosis for PERMETHRIN POISONING
(Cat reaction to Flea Collars)

A

Prevention/Control:

  • Educate owners
  • Careful use on dogs
  • Never use on cats
  • Store safely, securely and used how the label says

Prognosis:
Poor, depends on volume consumed, time since consumption and the severity of signs that cat is showing

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15
Q

Give five clinical signs for WARFARIN POISONING (Rodenticides)

A
  • Coughing up blood
  • Hemorrhagic discharge/urine/faeces
  • Collapse
  • Swollen/sore joints
  • Dyspnoea
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16
Q

Give four Treatments for WARFARIN POISONING (Rodenticides)

A
  • Vitamin K injection to counteract effects of Warfarin (oral tablets after)
  • Induce vomiting (activated charcoal solution)
  • IV Fluids
  • Blood Transfusion if large volume of blood is lost
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17
Q

Give three Prevention/Control measures and Prognosis for WARFARIN POISONING (Rodenticides)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Careful use of rodenticides
  • Prevent cats hunting (risk of ingesting poisoned rodent)
  • Prevent contact with rodents

Prognosis:
Guarded, depends on volume consumed, time of consumption and severity of signs

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18
Q

Give five clinical signs of METALDEHYDE POISONING (Molluscicides & Firelighters)

A
  • Aggression
  • Muscle tremors > coma
  • Excess salivation
  • Vomiting
  • Pyrexia
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19
Q

Give four Treatments for METALDEHYDE POISONING (Molluscicides & Firelighters)

A
  • Induce vomiting
  • IV Fluids
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Euthanasia if severe
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20
Q

Give three Prevention/Control measures and Prognosis for METALDEHYDE POISONING (Molluscicides & Firelighters)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Careful use of mollusicides/firelighters
  • Prevent ingestion of baited molluscs
  • Prevent ingestion of firelighters

Prognosis:
Poor, depends on volume consumed, time of consumption and severity of signs

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21
Q

Give five clinical signs of ETHYLENE GLYCOL POISONING (Antifreeze)

A
  • Blue vomit
  • Anuria (not urinating)
  • Muscle tremors
  • Ataxia
  • Seizures
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22
Q

Give Treatments for ETHYLENE GLYCOL POISONING (Antifreeze)

A
  • Induce vomiting
  • Anticonvulsants
  • IV Fluids
  • Fomepizol (liver)
  • Euthanasia if severe
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23
Q

Give five Prevention/control measures and the Prognosis for ETHYLENE GLYCOL POISONING (Antifreeze)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Careful use of antifreeze
  • Clean up spillages
  • Prevent contact with cats/wash paws
  • Educate owners and encourage use of Propylene Glycol instead!

Prognosis:
Poor, risk of kidney damage

24
Q

Give five clinical signs of THEOBROMINE POISONING (Chocolate)

A
  • Nervous excitement/high heart rate
  • Vomiting/Diarrhoea
  • Muscle tremors
  • Seizures
  • Cardiac arythmics
25
Q

Give five Treatments for THEOBROMINE POISONING (Chocolate)

A
  • Induce vomiting as theobromine is toxic
  • IV Fluids
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Meds to slow heart rate
26
Q

Give Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for THEOBROMINE POISONING (Chocolate)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Educate owners
  • Don’t feed dogs chocolate
  • Keep out of dog’s reach

Prognosis:
Good if treated quickly, depends on type of chocolate, volume consumed & time since consumption

27
Q

Give two signs of LIPOMAS (Fatty lumps)

A
  • Soft, movable, not painful lumps

- Well defined smooth edges

28
Q

Give the treatment option for LIPOMAS (fatty lumps)

A
  • Surgical removal, done if large and causing problems or if they are small and being removed with another procedure under anaesthetic
29
Q

Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for Lipomas (fatty lumps)

A

Prevention/control:
- Weight management to reduce the likelihood of them forming

Prognosis:
Good, not life threatening and majoratively causes no problems

30
Q

Give five clinical signs for OSTEOSARCOMA (Bone Cancer)

A
  • Redness around joint
  • Extremely painful to move (tiny fractures)
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Soft tissue swelling
  • Coughing (if spread to lungs)
31
Q

Give Treatment options for OSTEOSARCOMA (Bone Cancer)

A
  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiotherapy
  • Limb amputation (if it hasn’t spread)
  • Euthanasia if Metastases prevent
32
Q

Give the prognosis for OSTEOSARCOMA (Bone Cancer)

A

Grave, very aggressive cancer and depends on the location, size of tumour, age of the dog and treatment options

33
Q

Give three clinical signs of MAMMARY TUMOURS

A
  • Hard, painful growths on mammary tissue
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Dyspnoea
34
Q

Give four treatments options for MAMMARY TUMOURS

A
  • Spaying before/after mastectomy
  • Surgical removal of mass (painful & may need reconstructive surgery)
  • Chemotherapy for metastases
  • Euthanasia if severe
35
Q

Give the Prevention/Control measure and Prognosis for MAMMARY TUMOURS

A

Prevention/Control:
- Spaying before the animal reaches 6 months, <1% chance of occurring if spayed before 1st season, 8-26% chance after first season

Prognosis:
Poor, depends on tumour type, how many tumours there are and the species of animal.

36
Q

Give four clinical signs of UTERINE ADENOCARCOMA (Uterus in rabbits)

A
  • Cysts in mammary glands
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Blood from uterus/in urine
  • Aggression
37
Q

Give three Treatments for UTERINE ADENOCARCOMA (Uterus in rabbits)

A
  • Spaying (if no metastases)
  • Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
  • Euthanasia mostly considered
38
Q

Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for UTERINE ADENOCARCOMA (Uterus in rabbits)

A

Prevention/control:
- Spaying!

Prognosis:
Grave unless detected very early. If metastases present death occurs between 12-24 months.

39
Q

Give three clinical signs of OBESITY

A
  • Loss of waistline
  • Obvious layers of fat
  • Unable to feel the ribs
40
Q

Give four Treatment options for OBESITY

A
  • Prevent overeating
  • Change feeding regime
  • Change type of diet
  • Encourage exercise
41
Q

Give Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for OBESITY

A

Prevention/control:

  • Don’t overfeed
  • Encourage exercise

Prognosis:
Good, depends on owner compliance and the severity of the obesity

42
Q

Give four clinical signs of VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY (Guinea Pigs)

A
  • Painful joints
  • Anaemia
  • Poor teeth/bone development
  • Poor coat condition
43
Q

Give three treatment options for VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY (Guinea Pigs)

A
  • Analgesia for pain
  • Supportive feed (for anorexia, high in vitamin C)
  • Vitamin C supplementation
44
Q

Give three Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY (Guinea Pigs)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Feed guinea pig pellet diet (high in Vitamin C)
  • Feed good quality hay and dark greens
  • Vitamin C supplementation (especially for pregnancy & illness)

Prognosis:
Good

45
Q

Give six clinical signs of MAGNESIUM & PHOSPHORUS EXCESS (Urolith formation in Cats)

A
  • Blood in urine
  • Crying out while urinating
  • Difficulty passing urine
  • Anuria
  • Licking genitalia
  • Tender abdomen
46
Q

Give five Treatments for MAGNESIUM & PHOSPHORUS EXCESS (Urolith formation in Cats)

A
  • Flush bladder under anaesthesia
  • Surgical removal of Uroliths
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • IV Fluids
  • Feed diet high in Sodium Chloride/Low Mg
47
Q

Give four Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for MAGNESIUM & PHOSPHORUS EXCESS (Urolith formation in Cats)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Providing plenty of drinking water
  • Feeding wet diet
  • Feeding diet with moderate Mg:P levels
  • Reduce stress (diffusers, multiple litter boxes etc)

Prognosis:
Good if detected early & treated quickly
Poor if kidney damage has occured

48
Q

Give three clinical signs of CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Rabbits

A
  • Abnormal tooth growth/density
  • Difficulty eating
  • Difficulty grooming
49
Q

Give three clinical signs of CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Puppies/Kittens

A
  • Bowing of limbs
  • Enlargement of joints
  • Tremors/seizures
50
Q

Give two clinical signs of CALCIUM DEFICIENCY (Osteomalacia) in Adult Dogs/Cats

A
  • Fractures (poor bone density, weak)

- Pain & Stiffness

51
Q

Give three clinical signs of CALCIUM DEFICIENCY (Eclampsia) in Pregnant/Lactation animals

A
  • Muscle tremors
  • Seizures
  • Restlessness
52
Q

Give two treatments for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Rabbits

A
  • Burring teeth (overgrown)

- Removal of teeth under anaesthetic

53
Q

Give two treatments for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Puppies/Kittens/Dogs/Cats

A
  • Corrective surgery for bowed limbs/broken bones

- Calcium injections/supplements for seizures

54
Q

Give three Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Rabbits

A

Prevention/Control:

  • Feed pellet diet
  • Avoid muesli diets
  • Check teeth regularly

Prognosis:
Good if caught early
Poor if teeth removed

55
Q

Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Puppies/Kittens

A

Prevention/Control:
- Feed correct diet, don’t over supplement

Prognosis:
Good when surgery not required
Poor when surgery is required

56
Q

Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY (Osteomalacia) in Dogs/Cats

A

Prevention/Control:
- Feed correct diet, don’t over supplement

Prognosis:
Good if caught early, mild signs seen

57
Q

Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY (Eclampsia) in Pregnant/Lactating animals

A

Prevention/Control:
- Feed correct diet, don’t over supplement

Prognosis:
Good if caught and treated early
Poor if having full seizures in Eclampsia

HNC Animal Care (SRUC) (5 decks)

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