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HNC Animal Care (SRUC) > Non-Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Non-Infectious Diseases Flashcards

Explain the Clinical Signs, Treatment, Prevention, Control and Prognosis of each disease!

1
Q

Give three clinical signs of DIABETES

A
  • Increased urination/drinking/appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Lethargy
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2
Q

Give four types of Treatment for DIABETES

A
  • Dietary Control
  • Daily insulin (12 hrs apart after food!)
  • Monitor Blood Glucose
  • Spaying
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3
Q

Give Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for DIABETES

A

Prevention/Control:

  • Can’t prevent!
  • Reduce risk by feeding the correct diet and not overfeeding!

Prognosis:
Fair>Guarded, depends on owner compliance and if animal responds well. There is a risk of insulin overdose when owners aren’t careful!

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4
Q

Give four clinical signs of HYPERTHYROIDISM

A
  • Increased drinking/urination/appetite
  • Swollen thyroid gland
  • Increased Heart Rate
  • Poor coat condition
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5
Q

Give three types of treatment for HYPERTHYROIDISM

A
  • Daily oral meds (taken lifelong or to stabilise animal for surgery, controls hormone levels)
  • Radioactive Iodine injection to cure the condition
  • Surgical removal of glands under anaesthetic
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6
Q

Give Prevention/Control measures and Prognosis for HYPERTHYROIDISM

A

Prevention/Control

  • Can’t prevent!
  • Dietary management (extremely low iodine diet)

Prognosis:
Good, very easy to treat

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7
Q

Give four clinical signs for HYPOTHYROIDISM

A
  • Hyper-pigmentation
  • Hair loss
  • Greasy/dull coat
  • Lethargy
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8
Q

Give two treatments for HYPOTHYROIDISM

A
  • Lifelong oral meds to control hormones

- Regular monitoring of thyroid as the dose of medication changes over time

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9
Q

Give the Prevention/Control measures and Prognosis for HYPOTHYROIDISM

A

Prevention/Control:
- Can’t prevent as the cause of Hypothyroidism is unclear

Prognosis:
- Good as it is not life threatening

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10
Q

Give five clinical signs for HYPERADRENOCORTISM (Cushing’s Disease)

A
  • Increased drinking/urination/appetite
  • Pot-bellied abdomen
  • Muscle wastage
  • Hair loss
  • Loss of skin elasticity
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11
Q

Give three treatments for HYPERADRENOCORTISM (Cushing’s Disease)

A
  • Lifelong oral meds to inhibit excess cortisol production
  • Radiotherapy (rarely used as it is a specialist treatment)
  • Surgical Removal of gland/tumour:
    Malignant = very high risk surgery
    Adrenal Gland = High risk, specialist surgery
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12
Q

Give five clinical signs of PERMETHRIN POISONING

Cat reaction to Flea Collars

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hyperthermia
  • Muscle Tremors
  • Ataxia
  • Seizures
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13
Q

Give five treatments for PERMETHRIN POISONING

Cat reaction to Flea Collars

A
  • Remove from skin (prevent cat licking off)
  • IV Fluids
  • Anti-convulsants
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Euthanasia if severe
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14
Q

Give four Prevention/control measures and the Prognosis for PERMETHRIN POISONING
(Cat reaction to Flea Collars)

A

Prevention/Control:

  • Educate owners
  • Careful use on dogs
  • Never use on cats
  • Store safely, securely and used how the label says

Prognosis:
Poor, depends on volume consumed, time since consumption and the severity of signs that cat is showing

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15
Q

Give five clinical signs for WARFARIN POISONING (Rodenticides)

A
  • Coughing up blood
  • Hemorrhagic discharge/urine/faeces
  • Collapse
  • Swollen/sore joints
  • Dyspnoea
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16
Q

Give four Treatments for WARFARIN POISONING (Rodenticides)

A
  • Vitamin K injection to counteract effects of Warfarin (oral tablets after)
  • Induce vomiting (activated charcoal solution)
  • IV Fluids
  • Blood Transfusion if large volume of blood is lost
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17
Q

Give three Prevention/Control measures and Prognosis for WARFARIN POISONING (Rodenticides)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Careful use of rodenticides
  • Prevent cats hunting (risk of ingesting poisoned rodent)
  • Prevent contact with rodents

Prognosis:
Guarded, depends on volume consumed, time of consumption and severity of signs

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18
Q

Give five clinical signs of METALDEHYDE POISONING (Molluscicides & Firelighters)

A
  • Aggression
  • Muscle tremors > coma
  • Excess salivation
  • Vomiting
  • Pyrexia
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19
Q

Give four Treatments for METALDEHYDE POISONING (Molluscicides & Firelighters)

A
  • Induce vomiting
  • IV Fluids
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Euthanasia if severe
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20
Q

Give three Prevention/Control measures and Prognosis for METALDEHYDE POISONING (Molluscicides & Firelighters)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Careful use of mollusicides/firelighters
  • Prevent ingestion of baited molluscs
  • Prevent ingestion of firelighters

Prognosis:
Poor, depends on volume consumed, time of consumption and severity of signs

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21
Q

Give five clinical signs of ETHYLENE GLYCOL POISONING (Antifreeze)

A
  • Blue vomit
  • Anuria (not urinating)
  • Muscle tremors
  • Ataxia
  • Seizures
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22
Q

Give Treatments for ETHYLENE GLYCOL POISONING (Antifreeze)

A
  • Induce vomiting
  • Anticonvulsants
  • IV Fluids
  • Fomepizol (liver)
  • Euthanasia if severe
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23
Q

Give five Prevention/control measures and the Prognosis for ETHYLENE GLYCOL POISONING (Antifreeze)

A

Prevention/control:

  • Careful use of antifreeze
  • Clean up spillages
  • Prevent contact with cats/wash paws
  • Educate owners and encourage use of Propylene Glycol instead!

Prognosis:
Poor, risk of kidney damage

24
Q

Give five clinical signs of THEOBROMINE POISONING (Chocolate)

A
  • Nervous excitement/high heart rate
  • Vomiting/Diarrhoea
  • Muscle tremors
  • Seizures
  • Cardiac arythmics
25
Give five Treatments for THEOBROMINE POISONING (Chocolate)
- Induce vomiting as theobromine is toxic - IV Fluids - Muscle relaxants - Anticonvulsants - Meds to slow heart rate
26
Give Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for THEOBROMINE POISONING (Chocolate)
Prevention/control: - Educate owners - Don't feed dogs chocolate - Keep out of dog's reach Prognosis: Good if treated quickly, depends on type of chocolate, volume consumed & time since consumption
27
Give two signs of LIPOMAS (Fatty lumps)
- Soft, movable, not painful lumps | - Well defined smooth edges
28
Give the treatment option for LIPOMAS (fatty lumps)
- Surgical removal, done if large and causing problems or if they are small and being removed with another procedure under anaesthetic
29
Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for Lipomas (fatty lumps)
Prevention/control: - Weight management to reduce the likelihood of them forming Prognosis: Good, not life threatening and majoratively causes no problems
30
Give five clinical signs for OSTEOSARCOMA (Bone Cancer)
- Redness around joint - Extremely painful to move (tiny fractures) - Exercise intolerance - Soft tissue swelling - Coughing (if spread to lungs)
31
Give Treatment options for OSTEOSARCOMA (Bone Cancer)
- Chemotherapy - Radiotherapy - Limb amputation (if it hasn't spread) - Euthanasia if Metastases prevent
32
Give the prognosis for OSTEOSARCOMA (Bone Cancer)
Grave, very aggressive cancer and depends on the location, size of tumour, age of the dog and treatment options
33
Give three clinical signs of MAMMARY TUMOURS
- Hard, painful growths on mammary tissue - Exercise intolerance - Dyspnoea
34
Give four treatments options for MAMMARY TUMOURS
- Spaying before/after mastectomy - Surgical removal of mass (painful & may need reconstructive surgery) - Chemotherapy for metastases - Euthanasia if severe
35
Give the Prevention/Control measure and Prognosis for MAMMARY TUMOURS
Prevention/Control: - Spaying before the animal reaches 6 months, <1% chance of occurring if spayed before 1st season, 8-26% chance after first season Prognosis: Poor, depends on tumour type, how many tumours there are and the species of animal.
36
Give four clinical signs of UTERINE ADENOCARCOMA (Uterus in rabbits)
- Cysts in mammary glands - Vaginal discharge - Blood from uterus/in urine - Aggression
37
Give three Treatments for UTERINE ADENOCARCOMA (Uterus in rabbits)
- Spaying (if no metastases) - Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells - Euthanasia mostly considered
38
Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for UTERINE ADENOCARCOMA (Uterus in rabbits)
Prevention/control: - Spaying! Prognosis: Grave unless detected very early. If metastases present death occurs between 12-24 months.
39
Give three clinical signs of OBESITY
- Loss of waistline - Obvious layers of fat - Unable to feel the ribs
40
Give four Treatment options for OBESITY
- Prevent overeating - Change feeding regime - Change type of diet - Encourage exercise
41
Give Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for OBESITY
Prevention/control: - Don't overfeed - Encourage exercise Prognosis: Good, depends on owner compliance and the severity of the obesity
42
Give four clinical signs of VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY (Guinea Pigs)
- Painful joints - Anaemia - Poor teeth/bone development - Poor coat condition
43
Give three treatment options for VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY (Guinea Pigs)
- Analgesia for pain - Supportive feed (for anorexia, high in vitamin C) - Vitamin C supplementation
44
Give three Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY (Guinea Pigs)
Prevention/control: - Feed guinea pig pellet diet (high in Vitamin C) - Feed good quality hay and dark greens - Vitamin C supplementation (especially for pregnancy & illness) Prognosis: Good
45
Give six clinical signs of MAGNESIUM & PHOSPHORUS EXCESS (Urolith formation in Cats)
- Blood in urine - Crying out while urinating - Difficulty passing urine - Anuria - Licking genitalia - Tender abdomen
46
Give five Treatments for MAGNESIUM & PHOSPHORUS EXCESS (Urolith formation in Cats)
- Flush bladder under anaesthesia - Surgical removal of Uroliths - Anti-inflammatory - IV Fluids - Feed diet high in Sodium Chloride/Low Mg
47
Give four Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for MAGNESIUM & PHOSPHORUS EXCESS (Urolith formation in Cats)
Prevention/control: - Providing plenty of drinking water - Feeding wet diet - Feeding diet with moderate Mg:P levels - Reduce stress (diffusers, multiple litter boxes etc) Prognosis: Good if detected early & treated quickly Poor if kidney damage has occured
48
Give three clinical signs of CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Rabbits
- Abnormal tooth growth/density - Difficulty eating - Difficulty grooming
49
Give three clinical signs of CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Puppies/Kittens
- Bowing of limbs - Enlargement of joints - Tremors/seizures
50
Give two clinical signs of CALCIUM DEFICIENCY (Osteomalacia) in Adult Dogs/Cats
- Fractures (poor bone density, weak) | - Pain & Stiffness
51
Give three clinical signs of CALCIUM DEFICIENCY (Eclampsia) in Pregnant/Lactation animals
- Muscle tremors - Seizures - Restlessness
52
Give two treatments for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Rabbits
- Burring teeth (overgrown) | - Removal of teeth under anaesthetic
53
Give two treatments for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Puppies/Kittens/Dogs/Cats
- Corrective surgery for bowed limbs/broken bones | - Calcium injections/supplements for seizures
54
Give three Prevention/Control measures and the Prognosis for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Rabbits
Prevention/Control: - Feed pellet diet - Avoid muesli diets - Check teeth regularly Prognosis: Good if caught early Poor if teeth removed
55
Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY in Puppies/Kittens
Prevention/Control: - Feed correct diet, don't over supplement Prognosis: Good when surgery not required Poor when surgery is required
56
Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY (Osteomalacia) in Dogs/Cats
Prevention/Control: - Feed correct diet, don't over supplement Prognosis: Good if caught early, mild signs seen
57
Give the Prevention/Control measure and the Prognosis for CALCIUM DEFICIENCY (Eclampsia) in Pregnant/Lactating animals
Prevention/Control: - Feed correct diet, don't over supplement Prognosis: Good if caught and treated early Poor if having full seizures in Eclampsia

HNC Animal Care (SRUC) (5 decks)

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