Avian OC1

Question 1

2) Give the bones in the wing in order

Answer 1

Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Question 2

3) Describe the structure of the Avian Long Bone

Answer 2

Pneomonised, the thick medullary cavity is removed to make it lighter but remains strong

Question 3

4) Give two skeletal adaptations for flight

Answer 3

Keel = large flat bone that thing wing/flight muscles attach to
Pelvis = fused so it can help absorb the shock from take off and landing

Question 4

5) What is a zygodactyl foot and how does it benefit a Parrot?

Answer 4

Two toes facing forward, two facing backwards
Gives parrot ability to grip and hold objects and climb &
grasp due to having aposable toes

Question 5

6) Give the 5x components of the Respiratory system

Answer 5

• Choana
• Glottis
• Trachea
• Syrinx
• Parabronchi/lungs

Question 6

8) Falcon beak vs Parrot beak

Answer 6

Falcon: Sharp and curved for tearing flesh
Parrot: Strong and hooked for crushing the outer shells of nuts and skins of certain fruits

Question 7

9) 2x Differences in cardiovascular systems between birds and mammals

Answer 7

• Size of heart is bigger in proportion with the rest of the body (1-1.5%) while the mammals is smaller (0.5%)
• In birds the aorta curves to the right but curves to the left in mammals.

Question 8

10) Important role of Renal Portal Circulation

Answer 8

To maintain adequate blood flow to the renal tubules when glomerular blood flow is slow!

Question 9

11) Location and function of the Preening Gland

Answer 9

• On the back near base of the tail

- Secretes oily substances that contain diester waxes which waterproof feathers

Question 10

12) 3x functions of feathers

Answer 10

• Aid in lift and thrust (flight feathers)
• Waterproof bird (contour)
• Insulation

Question 11

13) What is the name of the type of muscles in the eye and what do they do?

Answer 11

• Striated muscle fibres

- Bird voluntarily control/move the eye.

Question 12

Give one difference between the following PASSERINES:

• Zebra Finch
• Border’s Canary
• Bengalese Finch
• Java Sparrow

Answer 12

ZEBRA FINCH = Blue head
BORDERS CANARY = Yellow all over
BENGALESE FINCH = Brown back
JAVA SPARROW = Head half black, half white

Question 13

Give one difference between the following PSITTACINES:

• Budgerigar
• Cockatiel
• African Grey Parrot
• Amazon Parrot
• Macaw

Answer 13

BUDGIE= obvious
COCKATEIL = Pikachu
AFRICAN GREY = obvious
AMAZON PARROT= Green all over
MACAW = obvious

Question 14

Give one difference between the following ANSERIFORMES:

• Indian Runner Ducks
• Aylesbury Ducks
• African Buff Goose

Answer 14

INDIAN RUNNER = more upright, longer necks
AYLESBURY = fatter
AMERICAN BUFF GOOSE = Light brown & huge

Question 15

Give one difference between the following GALLIFORMES:

• Gold Line Chicken
• Hubbard’s Chicken
• Red Grouse
• Common Pheasant

Answer 15

GOLD LINE = obvious
HUBBARD’S = white
RED GROUSE = one that doesn’t look like common pheasant
COMMON PHEASANT = obvious

Question 16

Give one difference between the following COLUMBIFORMES:

• White Winged Dove
• Wood Pigeon
• Racing Pigeon
• White Dove

Answer 16

WHITE WINGED = Brown body, black tips
WOOD = greenish head
RACING = Blue colour
WHITE DOVE = White all over

Question 17

Give one difference between the following RAPTORS:

• Peregrine Falcon
• Golden Eagle
• Scops Owl
• Harris’s Hawk

Answer 17

PEREGRINE = small, white chest
HARRIS’S HAWK = Brown, yellow beak
GOLDEN EAGLE = obvious
SCOPS OWL = brown & white

Question 18

Give one difference between the following birds:

• Toco Toucan
• Common Mynah Bird
• Glossy Starling

Answer 18

TOUCAN = obvious
COMMON MYNAH = White ‘N’ shape on face
GLOSSY STARLING = Yellow cheeks, green/blue