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IHO Week 4 > Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - Krafts > Flashcards

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - Krafts Flashcards

1
Q

What clinical finding brings the patient with lymphoma into the clinic?

A

Lymphadenopathy

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2
Q

What are the key characteristics of leukemia?

A 
Malignancy of hematopoietic cells
Starts in Bone Marrow
Spreads to Blood and Lymph Nodes
Myeloid of Lymphoid
Acute or Chronic
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3
Q

What are the key characteristics of lymphoma?

A 
Malignancy of hematopoietic cells
Starts in Lymph Nodes
Spreads to Blood and Bone Marrow
Lymphoid Only
Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin
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4
Q

What is the most common cause of lymphadenopathy?

A

Benign reaction to infection

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5
Q

What is the most common malignant cause of lymphadenopathy?

A

Metastatic Carcinoma

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6
Q

What is follicular hyperplasia?

A

Benign lymph node that has been stimulated and has lots of follicles that have germinal centers

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of follicular hyperplasia?

A

Large, irregular follicles
Mixture of cells in germinal centers
Tangible body macrophages
B-cell response to some immune stimulus

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of interfollicular hyperplasia?

A

Expanded area between follicles
Mixture of cells
Partial effacement
T-cell response to immune stimulus

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Skips around
Many Subtypes
Most are B-cells

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10
Q

What is the definition of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells (blasts or mature cells) in lymph nodes

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11
Q

Where are Tingible Body Macrophages found?

A

Centers of benign follicle germinal centers (not present in malignant lymphoma nodules)

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Painless, firm, red lymphadenopathy
Extranodal manifestations
“B” symptoms: weight loss, night sweats, fever = Poorer prognosis

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Older patients
Indolent = Incurable
Small, mature cells
Non-destructive

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Sometimes seen in Children
Aggressive = Curable?
Big, ugly cells
Destructive

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15
Q

What is the Working Formulation Classification of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Low-Grade
Intermediate-Grade
High-Grade

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16
Q

What is the REAL/WHO Classification of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

B-Cell Disorders

T-Cell Disorders

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17
Q

What are the 4 types of Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

1) Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
2) Malt Lymphoma
3) Follicular Lymphoma
4) Mycosis Fungoides

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

1) Large Cell Lymphoma
2) Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
3) Burkitt Lymphoma

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma?

A 
aka Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Small, mature lymphocytes
B-Cell Lesions with CD5+
LONG course
Death from Infection
20
Q

What can Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma or CLL sometimes become?

A

Richter’s Transformation -> Cells become large and ugly

21
Q

What are the characteristics of Marginal Zone Lymphoma?

A

A bunch of Lymphomas
Marginal Zone Pattern
MALT Lymphoma
Helicobacter Pylori

22
Q

What is MALT lymphoma?

A

Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue

23
Q

How can Marginal Zone Lymphoma be cured?

A

Remove the Helicobacter Pylori by treating with antibiotics

24
Q

What are the characteristics of Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

A

Mantle Zone Pattern
Small angulated lymphocytes
More Aggressive

25
Q

What translocation is associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

A

t(11;14)

Bcl-1 and IgH causes disregulation and cell can proliferate uncontrollably

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Follicular Lymphoma?

A

Follicular pattern initially
Small, cleaved cell, mixed or large cell
Grade 1, 2, or 3

27
Q

What is the translocation associated with Follicular Lymphoma?

A

t(14;18)

IgH and Bcl-2

28
Q

Describe Grade 1 Follicular Lymphoma

A

Small, uniform pattern of cellular distribution

29
Q

Describe Grade 2 Follicular Lymphoma

A

Combination of small and large cells

30
Q

Describe Grade 3 Follicular Lymphoma

A

Butt Cells with deep clefts in the blood

Big and nasty cells

31
Q

What cell type is characteristic of Follicular Lymphoma and what stain can be performed to confirm a diagnosis?

A

B-cells stain with CD20

32
Q

What are the characteristics of Mycosis Fungoides?

A 
aka Sezary Syndrome
Skin lesions (look like mushrooms)
Blood involvement
T-cell immunophenotypes
Cerebriform lymphocytes aka Sezary Cells
33
Q

What is Leonin Faces?

A

Facial involvement of the skin in Mycosis Fungoides that is “lion like”

34
Q

What are the characteristics of Diffuse Large-Cell Lymphoma?

A

Large B-Cells
Extranodal Involvement
Grows Rapidly
POOR Prognosis

35
Q

What are the characteristics of Lymphoblastic Lymphoma?

A

aka ALL
B-Cell OR T-Cell Lymphoma
Lymphoblasts in diffuse pattern

36
Q

Who is the typical patient for T-lymphoblastic lymphoma?

A

Teenage male with mediastinal mass

37
Q

What are the characteristics of Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

aka Burkitt Leukemia
Seen in Children
Fast-Growing, Extranodal Mass

38
Q

What is the key pattern in identifying Burkitt Lymphoma

A

Starry-Sky Pattern

39
Q

What is the African-Type of Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

Mass on the face

40
Q

What is the Non-African-Type of Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

Mass in abdomen or pelvis

41
Q

What is the translocation associated with Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

t(8;14)

42
Q

What is the key characteristic of Burkitt lymphoma cells?

A

Bright blue cytoplasm with perfectly punched out vacuoles

43
Q

What are the characteristics of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma?

A

Japan/Caribbean basin
Virus: Human T-Lymphotrophic Virus-1 (HTLV-1)
T-Cell involvement
Hypercalcemia from bone marrow involvement (ie: kidney stones, high serum calcium)
Skin Lesions
VERY Aggressive

IHO Week 4 (15 decks)

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