Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BACTE LEC > Non Entero Gir > Flashcards

Non Entero Gir Flashcards

1
Q

Where is vibrio found

A

Can easily be isolated from water, suspended particulate
matter, algae, plankton, fish, and shellfish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is vinrio found

A

Can easily be isolated from water, suspended particulate
matter, algae, plankton, fish, and shellfish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does vibrio fare with temp

A

They are temperature sensitive in that in temperate
climates when water temperature exceeds 20°C, as in the
summer months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does vibrio fare with temp

A

They are temperature sensitive in that in temperate
climates when water temperature exceeds 20°C, as in the
summer months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

General charcteristics of vibrio

A

• Motile with polar flagella
• Catalase +
• Oxidase +.
• Grow best in alkaline media
• Often found in brackish water
• Temperature sensitive
• Risk of infection transmitted by eating undercooked or raw
marine products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common vibrio species

A

4 most common vibrio species encountered in the lab:
o V. cholerae
o V. parahaemolyticus
o V. vulnificus
o V. alginolyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical manifestation of vibrio

A

Ranging from mild gastroenteritis to cholera and from
simple wound infections to fatal septicemia and
necrotizing fasciitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microscopic morphology of vibrio

A

• Asporogenous, gram-negative rods
• Polar, sheathed flagella when grown in broth but can
produce petritrichous, unsheathed flagella when
grown on solid media
• Curved gram-negative rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vubrio can reduce nitrate to nitrite except

A

V. metschnikovii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is vibrio susceptible or resistant in mh or tripticase soy agar

A

Most are generally susceptible to vibriostatic
compound O/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-
diisopropylpteridine), exhibiting a zone of inhibition to a
150µg Vibriostat disk on either a Mueller-Hinton or
trypticase soy agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Positive string test observed as mucoid “stringing”
reaction after emulsification of colonies in 0.5%
sodium desoxycholate

A

vibrio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In vibrio, all species, , are
halophilic or salt-loving and require the addition of Na+
for growth ESCEPT FOR

A

except for V. cholera and V. mimicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vibrio can be differentiated from the similar genera
Aeromonas and Plesiomonas by

A

mean of key
biochemical and growth requirement characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Epidemic cholera
A

o V. cholerae O139

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

henotypically resembles V.
cholerae but fail to agglutinate in O1 antisera

A

V. cholerae non-O1 –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Shares a common flagellar (H) antigen and somatic
(O) antigen

A

o V. cholerae O139
o V. cholerae non-O1 –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

o – the causative agent of cholera

A

O1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

have been implicated in a variety of
extraintestinal infections including cholecystitis,
ear infections, cellulitis, and septicemia.

A

Non-O1 –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

– share cross-reacting antigens with
Aeromonas trota

A

O139

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Based on Biotypes

A

o Classical -
o El Tor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Based on Serotypes

A

o Ogawa
o Inaba
o Hikojima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

 Virulence Factors of vibrio

A
  • mucinase
  • choleragen
    -coregulated pilus
    -adehsion factor
    -hemagluttination protease
    -siderophores
    -neuraminidase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

symptoms of vibrio

A

Symptoms
 Profuse vomiting
 Watery diarrhea
 Sunken eyes
 Watery diarrhea and profuse vomiting can lead
to severe dehydration which leads to death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • Mode of Transmission of vibrio
A

feces of the infected people -

through flies or leakage from sewage contaminated with the bacteria.

Ingestion of contaminated water and food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment of vibrio

A

 Oral rehydration salts
 Intravenous fluids
 Stool culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

 contains numerous flecks of mucus

A

“Rice water” stools,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Can result in a rapid fluid and electrolyte loss thatleads to
dehydration, hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis, and
death in a matter of hours

A

cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in vibrio explain

A

Accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
along the cell membrane, which stimulates hypersecretion
of electrolytes (Na+, K+, HCO3-) and water out of the cell
and into the lumen of the intestine
 The gastrointestinal tract’s absorptive ability is
overwhelmed, resulting in the massive outpouring of watery
stools

bale watery stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

treatment of vibrio

A
  • Resistant to tetracycline and doxycycline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

diagnosis of vibrio

A
  • vp positive
  • polymyxin b susceptibility
  • agglutinates chicken rbcs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

V. cholerae serogroup O141

A

appears to be
associated with sporadic cholera-like diarrhea and
bloodstream infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

non-O1 serogroup strains have been implicated
in a variety of

A

extraintestinal infections including
cholecystitis, ear infections, cellulitis, and septicemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

share cross-reacting antigens with
Aeromonas trota, a somewhat uncommon cause of
diarrheal disease

A

O139 strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

 Number 1 cause of Summer Diarrhea in Japan

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Second most common Vibrio species implicated in
gastroenteritis

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

is implicated
in numerous food-borne outbreaks

A

V. parahaemolyticus serogroup O3:K6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

Found in aquatic environments but limited to coastal or
estuarine areas despite a halophilic requirement of 1-
8% NaCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Watery diarrhea, moderate cramps or vomiting, and
little if any fever

Occasionally isolated from extraintestinal sources
such as wounds, ear and eye infections, even in a case
of pneumonia

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

most strains produce a
heat-stable hemolysin that is able to lyse human RBC
in a special high-salt mannitol medium (Wagatsuma
agar)

A

Kanagawa phenomenon –

40
Q

Kanagawa toxin positive

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

41
Q

“lactose-positive” Vibrio

A

Vibrio vulnificus

42
Q

 Second most serious type of Vibrio infection

A

Vibrio vulnificus

43
Q

vibrio vulnificus

A

 Found in warm salt waters

44
Q

Causes severe skin and soft tissue infections esp. in
shellfish handlers

A

Vibrio vulnificus

45
Q

2 categories of v vilnificus

A

o Primary septicemia – surmised to occur through
the gastrointestinal route after the consumption of
shellfish, especially raw oysters
o Wound infections

46
Q

VF of vibrio vilnificus

A

Resistant to complement and antibody-mediated
serum killing (thus systemic infections)
o Anti-phagocytic capsule
o Production of hydrolytic enzymes (cytolysins,collagenase, protease)

47
Q

treatment of v vilnificus

A

doxycycline

48
Q

Least pathogenic for humans and one most frequently
isolated

A

Vibrio alginolyticus

49
Q

characteristics of v. alginolyticus

A

 common inhabitant of marine environments
 Strict halophile, requiring at least 1% NaCl and can
tolerate up to 10% NaCl
 Nearly all isolates are from extraintestinal sources such
as eye and ear infections or wound and burn infections
 Can be an occupational hazard for most people in
constant contact with seawater

50
Q

transport of specimen of vibrio

A

Whenever possible, body fluids, pus, or tissues
should be submitted, but swabs are acceptable if
they are transported in an appropriate holding
medium, such as Cary-Blair, to prevent
desiccation

Buffered glycerol saline is not recommended as a
transport or holding medium because the glycerol
is toxic for vibrios

51
Q

growing vibrio

A
  • The salt concentration (0.5%) in most commonly
    used laboratory media, such as nutrient agar or
    sheep blood agar (SBA), is sufficient

mcconkey - negative except fot v.vulnificus kaya napagkakamalan na entero so need to do oxidase test since eto positive entero hinde

Both Mueller-Hinton agar and broth contain
sufficient salt to support the growth of the Vibrio

52
Q

SBA or
chocolate (CHOC) agar, vibrios produce

A

SBA or
chocolate (CHOC) agar, vibrios produce medium
to large colonies that appear smooth, opaque,
and iridescent with a greenish hue

53
Q

vibrio

If a selective medium is warranted, either because
of the clinical history (exposure to seafood or
seawater) or for geographic reasons (coastal area
resident or recent foreign travel), ___________________ is
recommended.

A

thiosulfate
citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar

54
Q

It differentiates sucrose-fermenting (yellow) species
and from the nonsucrose fermenting (green) v

A

thiosulfate
citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar

55
Q

nonsucrosefermenting (green)

pag sucrose fermenting yellow

A

vibrios: V. mimicus, V.
parahaemolyticus, V. damsela, and most V

56
Q

vibrio vs aeromonas

A

Their general susceptibility to the vibriostatic agent
O/129 (150 µg) and positive “string test”
distinguishes them from Aeromonas

57
Q

separates vibrio from Plesiomonas

A

inability to ferment inositol

58
Q

_______________separates vibrio from the
Enterobacteriaceae (excluding Plesiomonas
shigelloides), and a __________________
separates vibrio from the oxidative Pseudomonas

A

Their positive oxidase reaction (except for V.
metschnikovii)

fermentative metabolism

59
Q

cholarae treatment

A

oxycycline or
ciprofloxacin

60
Q

Most vibrios are susceptible to

A

gentamycin,
tetracycline and chloramphenicol

61
Q

gen chara of aeromonass

A

 Consists of ubiquitous oxidase-positive, glucose

fermenting, gram-negative rods that are widely
distributed in freshwater, estuarine, and marine
environments worldwide

 They are frequently isolated from retail produce
sources and animal meat products

motile with single polar flagellum

oxidase and indole positive

grom from 4-42c

mot:food and water

62
Q

from molecular studies
resulted in the proposal of a separate family
Aeromonadaceae from Vibrio

A

Phylogenetic evidence

63
Q

Responsible for a diverse spectrum of disease
syndromes among a variety of warm- and coldblooded animals including fish, reptiles, amphibians,
mammals, and humans

A

aeromonas

64
Q

vf of aeromonads

A

exotoxins (enterotoxin, hemolysin, cytotoxin and protease),

adherence factors (S-layer,
capsule, pili)

Type III secretion system (T3SSS)

65
Q

 Aeromonads are classified based on

A

temperature:
meso - motile.37c
psychro - non motile.22-25c

movement:
motile (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. sobria)

non-motile (A. salmonicida)

66
Q

Positive for Catalase, starch hydrolysis, lecithinase,
phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, ONPG
hydrolysis

A

c. Motile group: A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. sobria

67
Q
  • Ferments arabinose, trehalose, galactose, mannose
    and dextrin
  • Negative for growth in KCN broth, nutrient broth with
    7.5% NaCl, ornithine decarboxylase, tetrathionate
    reductase,
  • Some strains produce pigments
A

d. Non-motile group: A. salmonicida

68
Q

Clinical Manefistations
of aeromonad`

A

-intestinal infection

-The level and pattern of virulence is more like the
multifactorial patterns of the various E. coli
subgroups associated with enteric disease

  • Five diarrheal presentations are observed in patients
    in whom an Aeromonas has been isolated from their
    stools

-extraintesinal infection

69
Q

Five diarrheal presentations are observed in patients
in whom an Aeromonas has been isolated from their
stools

A

a. An acute, secretory diarrhea often accompanied
by vomiting
b. An acute, dysenteric form of diarrhea (similar to
shigellosis) with blood and mucus
c. A chronic diarrhea usually lasting more than 10
days
d. A cholera-like disease including rice- water
stools
e. The nebulous syndrome commonly referred to as
“traveler’s diarrhea” (similar to enterotoxigenic E.
coli)

70
Q

is the species most frequently associated
with gastrointestinal infections, especially in neonate
and pediatric populations, and has been associated
with inflammatory bowel disease

A

A.caviae

71
Q

has also been linked to choleralike disease characterized by abdominal pain, fever,
and nausea

A

A.veronii biovar sobria

72
Q

A. veronii biovar veronii and surgical wound
infections involving the use of leeches for medicinal
therapy following plastic surgery to relieve venous
congestion has been noted.

A

A. veronii biovar veronii

73
Q

It
appears that the leech ——————– has a
symbiotic relationship with this particular aeromonad
species within its gut, wherein the organisms aid in the
enzymatic digestion of the blood ingested by the leech

A

hirudo medicinalis

74
Q

appears to be the most invasive
type of Aeromonas infection and likewise has a strong
association with the species A. veronii biovar sobria, A.
jandaei, and A. hydrophila.

A

Aeromonad sepsis

75
Q

culture media of aeromonads

A

o After 24-hour incubation at 35° C, aeromonads
appear as large round, raised, opaque colonies
with an entire edge and a smooth, often
mucoid surface

o Frequently, an extremely strong odor is present,
and pigmentation ranges from translucent and white to buff-colored

o Hemolysis is variable but mostly b hemolytic

76
Q

The most commonly isolated species, ———
is nearly always nonhemolytic or at best weakly
α-hemolytic on SBA

aeromonads

A

A. caviae,

77
Q

might yield the
highest recovery of aeromonads

A

The combined use of ampicillin sheep blood
agar and a modified cefsulodin-irgasinnovobiocin (CIN II) plate (with only 4 µg of
cefsulodin instead of 15 µg),

78
Q

l universal susceptibility to
ampicillin

A

hallmark feature of A.
trota

79
Q

auremonads on cin medium

A

eromonas
will form pink-centered colonies from the
fermentation of mannitol, with an uneven, clear apronresembling Yersinia enterocolitica

80
Q

if such a medium is
warranted for detecting chronic cases or
asymptomatic carriers,_______________is
recommended. This can be inoculated, incubated
_____________ at___________and subsequently sub cultured

A

if such a medium is
warranted for detecting chronic cases or
asymptomatic carriers, alkaline peptone water is
recommended. This can be inoculated, incubated
overnight at 35° C, and subsequently sub cultured

81
Q

indole and oxidase of aeromonads

A

A positive oxidase distinguishes aeromonadsfrom
the family Enterobacteriaceae (except for Plesiomonas
shigelloides), and most clinically relevant
aeromonads are indole positive

82
Q

The best tests to distinguish the aeromonads from
Vibrio spp. are the

A

string test (usually negative for
aeromonads and positive for vibrios)

testing for
sensitivity to O/129 (usually aeromonads and
plesiomonads are resistant and most vibrios are
susceptible)

83
Q

determining
the ability to grow in the presence of NaCl

A

additional test to separate aeromonads and
plesiomonads from most vibrios is that

84
Q

________grow quite well in
nutrient broth with 0% NaCl, but not in 6% NaCl.

A

Aeromonads and plesiomonads grow quite well in
nutrient broth with 0% NaCl, but not in 6% NaCl.

, most vibrios (specifically the halophilic
species) cannot grow in 0% NaCl but thrive in 6% NaCl
and even higher concentrations of NaCl

85
Q

ability to ferment glucose, with or without
the production of gas, distinguishes

A

Aeromonas from oxidase-positive nonfermenting Pseudomonas isolates

86
Q

Definitive identification of the aeromonads is
accomplished with a small number of
conventional and readily available biochemical
tests and antimicrobial markers and the use of
a simple dichotomous key, Aerokey II

A

 Definitive identification

87
Q

Campylobacters were formerly classified with the vibrios
because of their positive oxidase and characteristic
microscopic morphology, but ______________
have shown that Campylobacter spp. do not belong with the
vibrios

A

Campylobacters were formerly classified with the vibrios
because of their positive oxidase and characteristic
microscopic morphology, but DNA homology studies
have shown that Campylobacter spp. do not belong with the
vibrios

88
Q

campylobacter

A

 Although they may appear to be strict anaerobes, they
have been grown in a microaerophilic environment

 Thermophilic species grow better at 42 C

89
Q

have been known to cause abortion in
domestic animals such as cattle, sheep and swine

A

Campylobacter spp.

90
Q

most common cause of bacterial
gastroenteritis

A

campylobacter jejun

91
Q

 Found in the intestines of avian species

A

campyobacter

92
Q

campylobacter morphology

A

 Curved or spiral-shaped gram-negative rod

 Exhibits corkscrew or darting motility by polar flagella

 Non-spore forming

 Enteric campylobacters- may appear as long spirals or Sor seagull-wing shapes.

 Gram-stained smears, these organisms stain poorly

 For better visualization, carbol-fuchsin is recommended as a counterstain

 Campylobacter spp. exhibit a characteristic “darting”
motility on hanging drop preparations or when visualized
under phase contrast microscopy

93
Q

campylobacter colony morphology of its species

A

 moist, runny looking,and spreading.

 Colonies are usually nonhemolytic; some are round and raised and others may be flat.

 Other Campylobacter species produce colonies similar to
those of C. jejuni. Although most do not produce pigment,
C. mucosalis and C. hyointestinalis can produce a dirtyyellow pigment

94
Q

 C. fetus subsp. fetus morphology

A

 C. fetus subsp. fetus produces smooth, convex, translucent olonies. A tan or slightly pink coloration is observed in some enteric campylobacter colonies.

95
Q
A

BACTE LEC (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions